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塩の原結晶から2億5000万年前のハロ耐性細菌を分離した

R H Vreeland¹, W D Rosenzweig, D W Powers

¹Department of Biology, West Chester University, Pennsylvania 19383, USA. rvreeland@wcupa.edu

|November 1, 2000

まとめ

科学者たちは,2億5000万年前の塩の結晶から,これまで認識されなかった細菌を分離した. この古代の微生物は,胞子を形成するバチルスの種で,塩漬けの含有物で発見され,驚くべき生存率を示しています.

科学分野:

微生物学微生物学とは
地質学地質学地質学
パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー

背景:

古代バクテリアの隔離は,汚染の懸念のために困難です.
アンバーからバチルス・スフェリカスを分離したような以前の研究は,サンプルの完全性の重要性を強調しています.
ペルミアン・サラド・フォーメーションは,古代の生命の保存のためのユニークな地質学的な文脈を提供します.

研究の目的:

2億5000万年前の塩の結晶から生存可能な細菌を分離し,特徴づけること.
塩結晶とその含有物の年齢と原始性を確認するために.
孤立したバクテリアの系統遺伝的位置を決定する.

主な方法:

塩水結晶のサンプルを厳格に選択し,塩水インクルージョンに汚染の兆候があるものはすべて拒否します.
塩塩抽出前に強いアルカリと酸を使用して塩の結晶表面の滅菌.
抽出した塩水から胞子形成細菌の分離と培養.
16SリボソームDNA遺伝子の配列解析を基因遺伝分析のために行います.

主要な成果:

以前に認識されていなかった胞子形成バチルス種 (株2〜9〜3) の分離と成功栽培.
16SリボソームDNA配列解析により,バクテリアはBacillus marismortuiとVirgibacillus pantothenticusの系統に属する.
地質学的証拠 (結晶構造,堆積物特徴) は,塩が形成以来再結晶化していないことを支持しています.
滅菌プロトコルは,汚染の確率を10^9.9分の1未満に減らしました.

結論:

活力のある古代の細菌が,2億5000万年前の塩の結晶から成功裏に分離されました.
孤立したバクテリアは,バチロスの系統内の新しい種を表しています.
この研究は,古代ハライト堆積物における生存可能な微生物の保存の有力な証拠を提供します.

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