高リスクの飲酒およびアルコール関連の負傷に対するコミュニティベースの介入の効果
H D Holder1, P J Gruenewald, W R Ponicki
1Prevention Research Center, 2150 Shattuck Ave, Suite 900, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA. holder@prev.org
JAMA
|November 7, 2000
まとめ
地域社会の介入により,交通事故や暴行による高リスクの飲酒およびアルコール関連の負傷が著しく減少しました. これらの環境戦略は,より安全なコミュニティの促進に効果的であることが示されました.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- コミュニティの介入 コミュニティの介入
- アルコールの害を軽減する
背景:
- 乱飲や飲酒と運転を含む高リスクのアルコール消費は,交通事故や暴行に関連しています.
- 未成年者の飲酒は,地域社会の安全問題にも寄与しています.
研究 の 目的:
- コミュニティベースの環境介入の効果を評価する.
- これらの介入によって,高リスクのアルコール消費とアルコール関連の怪我を減らすことができるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 1992年から1996年までの3つのマッチングされた介入コミュニティで,縦断的な複数のタイムシリーズの研究が行われました.
- 結果は,人口調査,交通データ,緊急診療所の記録を通じて評価されました.
- 介入には,コミュニティの動員,責任ある飲み物サービス,未成年者のアルコールへのアクセス制限,飲酒と運転の法律の施行の強化,区画などが含まれています.
主要な成果:
- 過剰な飲酒や合法的な制限を超える運転などの自己報告された高リスクの飲酒行動は,著しく減少しました (それぞれ49%と51%).
- アルコールによる事故,特に夜間事故は10%減少した.
- 緊急治療室で観察された暴行による負傷は43%減少した.
結論:
- 協調的で包括的なコミュニティベースの介入は,高リスクのアルコール消費量を減らすのに効果的です.
- これらの戦略は,自動車事故や暴行によるアルコール関連の怪我を大幅に減らすことができます.
- 環境への介入は,コミュニティの安全を改善するための実行可能なアプローチを表しています.
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