トール/インタールユーキン-1受容体ドメインによる信号伝導の構造的基礎
1Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
Nature
|November 18, 2000
まとめ
トール型受容体 (TLRs) は免疫の鍵である. TIRドメインの特定の突然変異は,MyD88アダプター分子との相互作用を防止し,宿主の防御に影響を与えることによって,免疫信号伝達を妨害します.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 構造生物学 構造生物学とは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- トール型受容体 (TLRs) とIL-1受容体スーパーファミリー (IL-1Rs) は,先天性および適応性免疫にとって極めて重要です.
- これらの受容体は,信号伝達に不可欠な,保存されたトール-インタールイキン-1受容体 (TIR) ドメインを共有しています.
- TLR4 (Lps) のPro712HisのようなTIRドメインの特定の変異は,免疫反応を損なう.
研究 の 目的:
- TIRドメイン解析を通じて,TLRシグナル伝達の構造的基礎を解明する.
- 受容体の機能におけるTIRドメイン内の保存された表面パッチの役割を調査する.
- 特定の突然変異がTLR2とTLR4の信号伝達経路にどのように影響するかを理解する.
主な方法:
- ヒトのTLR1とTLR2のTIRドメインの構造を決定するために,X線結晶学を用いて,TLR2のPro681His変異体を含むヒトのTLR1とTLR2の構造を決定した.
- サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータジェネシスは,TIRドメイン内の特定の変異を生成するために使用されました.
- 変異が受容体シグナル伝達と下流分子募集に与える影響を評価するために,機能的測定を行った.
主要な成果:
- 結晶構造は,TLR TIRドメインの保存された表面パッチを明らかにし,Lps (d) 変異の場所を含んでいる.
- ミュタゲネーシスの研究は,TLRシグナル伝達のためのこの表面パッチ内の残留物の重要な役割を果たしていることを確認しました.
- Pro681のTLR2における突然変異はTIRドメインの構造を変化させなかったが,MyD88アダプター採用を損なう可能性のあるシグナリングを妨害した.
結論:
- TLR TIRドメインの保存された表面パッチは,MyD88アダプター分子との相互作用を媒介するために不可欠です.
- Lps (d) 変異および同等の変異は,TIRドメイン構造の不安定化ではなく,MyD88の採用を防ぐことによってTLRシグナル伝達を妨害する.
- これらの発見は,TLR信号の開始とアダプタータンパク質の関与の分子機構に関する構造的な洞察を提供します.
さらに関連する動画
09:51Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
Published on: July 26, 2017
07:55A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces
Published on: January 7, 2020
関連する概念動画
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
Assembly of Signaling Complexes
Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...
Activation of Integrins
Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions
Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Some...
Signal Transduction: Overview
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
