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喫煙と精神疾患:人口ベースの流行研究
K Lasser1, J W Boyd, S Woolhandler
1Department of Medicine, Cambridge Hospital, Macht Bldg, 1493 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. klasser@massmed.org
JAMA
|November 22, 2000
まとめ
精神疾患を患っている成人の喫煙率は,一般人よりも高く,過去1ヶ月の精神疾患を患っている人の40%以上が現在喫煙しています. より高い割合にもかかわらず,精神疾患を持つ個人は,中断率を大幅に示しており,中断介入の可能性を示しています.
科学分野:
- 精神科医は精神病を患っている.
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 以前の研究では,精神疾患のある施設や診療所での患者集団において,喫煙率が高かったことが示されていた.
- 精神疾患を持つ成人の喫煙に関する最近の,人口ベースの,全国的に代表的なデータが不足していることが判明しました.
研究 の 目的:
- 精神疾患と精神疾患のない成人の喫煙および禁煙率の流行を決定し,比較する.
- 精神病診断の種類や数によって喫煙行動を分析する.
主な方法:
- 15歳から54歳までの4411人の回答者のデータを利用し,国立併発性調査 (1991-1992) を利用した.
- 精神科の診断を評価するために,修正された複合国際診断面接を使用しました.
- 精神疾患の状況に関連して,喫煙と禁煙率を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 現在の喫煙率は,精神疾患のない人の22.5%,生涯精神疾患の34.8%,過去1ヶ月間の精神疾患の41.0%でした.
- 生涯喫煙率は,精神疾患を持たない人 (39.1%) と比較して,精神疾患を持つ人 (55.3%-59.0%) で著しく高かった.
- 精神疾患を有する喫煙者は,無喫煙者 (42.5%) よりも禁煙率が低い (30.5%-37.1%) であったが,過去1ヶ月の精神疾患を有する者の場合は,喫煙に対する調整された確率比が約2.7であった.
結論:
- 精神疾患を有する個人は,一般の人々と比較して,喫煙する確率は約2倍です.
- 喫煙者の割合が高くても,精神疾患を持つ喫煙者の中でも,禁煙率がかなり高く,介入の機会を示唆しています.
- 精神障害のある人は,調査対象者の中で消費されるタバコの有意な割合を占めています.
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