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関連する概念動画

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and 'exit' via the...
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Production of Chemicals by Klebsiella pneumoniae Using Bamboo Hydrolysate as Feedstock
07:24

Production of Chemicals by Klebsiella pneumoniae Using Bamboo Hydrolysate as Feedstock

Published on: June 29, 2017

遺伝子工学によるK細胞からのグルコースに依存したインスリン放出.

A T Cheung1, B Dayanandan, J T Lewis

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 9, 2000
PubMed
まとめ

科学者たちは,腸内K細胞を遺伝子工学でインスリンを産生させ,潜在的に新しい糖尿病治療法を提供しました. このアプローチは,ベータ細胞喪失後のグルコースコントロールを回復することにより,マウスを糖尿病から保護することに成功した.

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High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds
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High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds

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In Vivo Monitoring of Transcriptional Activity During Metabolic Transition Using a Bioluminescent Reporter in Yeast
06:53

In Vivo Monitoring of Transcriptional Activity During Metabolic Transition Using a Bioluminescent Reporter in Yeast

Published on: February 21, 2025

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Production of Chemicals by Klebsiella pneumoniae Using Bamboo Hydrolysate as Feedstock
07:24

Production of Chemicals by Klebsiella pneumoniae Using Bamboo Hydrolysate as Feedstock

Published on: June 29, 2017

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds
12:32

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds

Published on: January 23, 2018

In Vivo Monitoring of Transcriptional Activity During Metabolic Transition Using a Bioluminescent Reporter in Yeast
06:53

In Vivo Monitoring of Transcriptional Activity During Metabolic Transition Using a Bioluminescent Reporter in Yeast

Published on: February 21, 2025

科学分野:

  • バイオテクノロジー バイオテクノロジー
  • エンドクリノロジー エンドクリノロジー
  • 遺伝子工学 遺伝子工学とは

背景:

  • 糖尿病は,インスリン生産または機能の障害によって特徴付けられます.
  • 現在の治療法では,外因性インスリン投与がしばしば必要である.
  • 固有のインスリン産生のための代替戦略が必要である.

研究 の 目的:

  • インスリン生産のための遺伝子工学による非ベータ細胞の可能性を調査する.
  • GIP調節されたインスリン発現を用いた糖尿病に対する新しい治療アプローチを開発する.

主な方法:

  • 遺伝子改変のために腫瘍由来のK細胞系を利用した.
  • ヒトインスリン遺伝子が,グルコース依存性インスリン型ポリペプチド (GIP) 遺伝子の5'-調節領域と結びついた.
  • マウスにおけるトランスゲン発現とインスリン産生を評価した.

主要な成果:

  • マウスの腸内K細胞でヒトインスリン生産を成功裏に誘導した.
  • トランス遺伝子マウスは,化学的に誘発された糖尿病の発生から保護された.
  • ネズミでは,ネイティブのβ細胞が破壊された後でも,グルコース耐性は維持された.

結論:

  • インスリンを生産する腸のK細胞の遺伝子工学は,糖尿病の有効な治療戦略です.
  • 非ベータ細胞におけるGIP調節されたインスリン発現は,従来の糖尿病治療に対する潜在的な代替案を提供します.
  • このアプローチは,エンジニアリングされた腸内細胞を通じてグルコースホメオスタシスを回復する可能性を実証しています.