発展途上国における重症児の病院医療の質について
1Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne and Murdock Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 24, 2001
まとめ
発展途上国における病気の子供に対するケア品質は,トリアージ,緊急治療,入院治療が不十分で,しばしば貧乏である. 介入は,これらの地域をターゲットに,子供の死亡率を減らすために行うべきである.
科学分野:
- 小児保健医療の質について
- グローバル・ヘルス・エクイティ・エクイティ
- LMICにおける病院管理について
背景:
- 発展途上国における小児医療の改善は,小児死亡率を低減するために極めて重要です.
- これらの施設の子どもに対する病院での医療の質に関するデータは限られている.
- トリアージ,緊急,入院医療における質のギャップを理解することは,標的型介入に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 発展途上国における病院における病気の子供のケア品質を評価する.
- 介入から最も恩恵を受ける病院医療の特定の分野を特定する.
- 小児病院環境における健康成果の改善のためのデータを提供する.
主な方法:
- 定性的な研究は,開発途上国の7カ国の13の地区病院と8の教科病院で行われました.
- 経験豊富な小児科医は,評価のために構造的調査ツールを使用しました.
- 初期トリアージ,緊急治療,入院治療,スタッフの知識,実践,病院支援サービスの評価を行いました.
主要な成果:
- 医療の質は国によって,病院によって大きく異なっており,一般的には教科病院の方が優れている.
- 21の病院のうち14の病院は,適切なトリアージシステムを持っていなかった;初期評価はしばしば不十分で,治療が遅れた.
- 緊急事態地区は設備が乏しく,家族が必需品の医薬品を購入する必要が頻繁にありました.
- 症例管理における有害な要因は,不適切な評価,治療,モニタリングを含む,入院患者の76%に影響を与えた.
- ほとんどの病院の医療スタッフは,小児疾患の管理に関する知識が不十分であることを示し,小児疾患の管理に関する慣行を報告した.
結論:
- 病気の子供に対する病院のケアを強化するには,高い健康効果を持つ達成可能な目標に焦点を当てることが必要です.
- 改善の鍵となる分野には,初期トリアージ,緊急医療,患者評価,入院治療,モニタリングが含まれます.
- 個別の病院の評価は,介入の優先目標を決定するために推奨されます.
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