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シェルゴッティ隕石のピロクセンから火星内のマグマ質水の地化学的証拠
H Y McSween1, T L Grove, R C Lentz
1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA. mcsween@utk.edu
Nature
|February 24, 2001
まとめ
火星の火山活動により,火星の表面にかなりの量の水が流出した可能性がある. シェルゴッティ隕石の分析によると,初期のマグマには1.8%の水が含まれ,火星の水に関する以前の仮定に異議を唱える.
科学分野:
- 惑星科学は惑星科学である.
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 火山学 火山学とは
背景:
- 火星の表面形態学は,古代の海洋が火星に存在していたことを示唆しています.
- 火山からの放出ガスが水の源であると考えられていたが,低濃度のマグマ質水の含有量はこれに反していた.
- 火星のイグネウス隕石は,一般的に水分量が少ない.
研究 の 目的:
- 火山からの放出ガスが火星表面に水を供給する可能性を調査する.
- 火星のガス排出の歴史に関する地質学的および地質学的データを調和させるため.
- 火星での噴火前のマグマの水分量を決定するために.
主な方法:
- シェルゴッティ隕石のピロクセン内の微量元素分布の分析.
- 水性および無水性結晶化実験を行いました.
- ピロキセン鉱物の内核と外縁の組成を比較する.
主要な成果:
- シェルゴッティ隕石のピロキセンの内核は,外縁と比較して,溶性微量元素で濃縮されています.
- この濃縮は,マグマの深部に水が存在していたことを示しています.
- 水は,マグマが表面に上昇する際に,大部分が失われました.
- 火星マグマの噴火前の水の含有量は1.8%だったかもしれない.
結論:
- 昇天するマグマは,火星の表面にかなりの量の水を運んだ可能性が高い.
- この発見は,火星の脱ガスに関する以前の矛盾する制約を調和させる.
- 最近の火山活動が,火星の水の歴史に重要な役割を果たしたのかもしれない.
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