初期のアルカイア期における微生物の硫酸縮小のための同位体証拠
Y Shen1, R Buick, D E Canfield
1Danish Center for Earth System Science, and Institute of Biology, Odense University, SDU. shen@biology.ou.dk
Nature
|March 10, 2001
まとめ
硫黄循環に不可欠な硫酸を減少させる微生物は,347億年前の岩石で発見された. この発見は,初期の微生物による硫酸塩減少の直接的な証拠を提供し,その地質学的記録を7億5000万年以上後退させました.
科学分野:
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
背景:
- 硫酸を減少させる微生物は,世界の硫黄循環において重要な役割を果たしています.
- これらの古代生物の進化の時間軸は不明である.
- 硫黄の同位体分化により,微生物による硫酸縮小が証明されている.
研究 の 目的:
- 微生物による硫酸塩還元に関する地質学的記録を調査する.
- 地球の歴史における微生物の硫酸減量の最古の証拠を決定する.
- 古代バリト標本における硫黄同位体を分析するために.
主な方法:
- バライトの硫化物含有物の顕微鏡分析.
- 硫化物とバリトの硫黄同位体比分析 (34S/32S)
- オーストラリアの北極から採取したバライト標本の地化学年代測定.
主要な成果:
- 重要な同位体分化率 (平均11.6/1000,最大21.1/1000) を有する顕微鏡の硫化物は,3.47Gyrのバライトで特定されました.
- これらの分割は,微生物の硫酸塩の減少を示すものである.
- この発見は,微生物による硫酸塩の減少に関する地質学的証拠を,347億年前に遡らせます.
結論:
- 微生物による硫酸縮小の直接的な証拠は,少なくとも347億年前までさかのぼります.
- この研究は,生命の樹上の深いノードを校正し,早期の特定の代謝経路を示しています.
- この発見は,古代地球における初期の微生物の生命と生地化学のサイクルについての理解を大幅に前進させました.
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