処方薬の費用を貧困層や高齢者間で分担することに関連した有害事象
R Tamblyn1, R Laprise, J A Hanley
1McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital Site, Ross Pavilion, Room 4-12, 687 Pine Ave W, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1.
JAMA
|March 10, 2001
まとめ
処方薬の費用の共有を導入することで,高齢者や福祉受給者の必要不可欠な医薬品の使用量が減少しました. これにより,重篤な有害事象や緊急診療所への訪問が増加し,コストシェアリング政策が健康に及ぼす潜在的な影響を強調しました.
科学分野:
- 健康経済学と健康政策について
- 医薬品へのアクセスと利用
- 公衆衛生と疫学について
背景:
- 薬のコストの上昇とアクセスの不平等は,薬物政策の改革を必要としています.
- 処方箋費用の共有が脆弱な集団 (高齢者,低所得者) に及ぼす健康への影響は十分に理解されていません.
- コストシェアリング政策は,薬物支出をコントロールすることを目的としていますが,薬の服用順守や健康上の結果に影響を与える可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 処方薬のコスト共有が必須医薬品と必須医薬品の使用に与える影響を評価する.
- 緊急治療室 (ED) の訪問の変化と,政策後の薬物使用の減少に関連した深刻な有害事象を評価する.
- 1996年の政策変更後のケベック州の高齢者および福祉受給者におけるこれらの影響を分析する.
主な方法:
- ケベックで政策実施前の32ヶ月と政策実施後の17ヶ月を対象としたタイムシリーズ分析を中断した.
- 93,950人の高齢者および55,333人の福祉受給者のランダムサンプルを取り入れました.
- 特定の有害事象を評価するための政策前および政策後のコホート研究 (それぞれ10ヶ月)
主要な成果:
- 必須薬物使用は高齢者群で9.12%,福祉受給者群で14.42%減少し,欠かせない薬物使用はそれぞれ15.14%,22.39%減少した.
- エッセンシャルドラッグの使用量の減少に関連した重篤な有害事象は,両グループで有意に増加した (高齢者: +6.8,福祉: 10,000人月あたり+12.9).
- また,必須薬物使用の減少に関連した緊急治療室への訪問も大幅に増加しました (高齢者: +14.2,福祉: 10,000人当たり+54.2).
結論:
- 処方薬のコスト共有の増加は,高齢者および福祉受給者の間で必須医薬品の使用量の減少につながった.
- これらの減少は,重篤な有害事象の発生率と緊急診療所への訪問の増加と関連していました.
- 調査結果は,コスト共有政策が,必須医薬品に依存する脆弱な集団の健康に悪影響を及ぼす可能性があることを示唆しています.
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