熱帯トロポスフィアのオゾンとバイオマスを燃やす熱帯トロポスフィアのオゾンとバイオマスを燃やす
A M Thompson1, J C Witte, R D Hudson
1NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 916, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. anne.m.thompson@gsfc.nasa.gov
まとめ
新しい方法では,インドネシアの火災が,エルニーニョの影響で,インドに到達するオゾンプラームを作り出したことが明らかになった. トロポスフィアのオゾンと煙のエアロゾルの分析は地域的な変動を示しているが,1980年代には明確な傾向はない.
科学分野:
- 大気科学 大気科学
- リモートセンシングによる遠隔感知
- オゾン層の研究について
背景:
- トロポスフィアのオゾンと吸収性エアロゾールは,大気質と気候に大きな影響を及ぼします.
- その変動性と傾向を理解することは,環境モニタリングにとって極めて重要です.
- 以前の研究では,エアロゾール,オゾン,そしてエルニーニョのような気候現象の間の関連性を調査しました.
研究 の 目的:
- 地球探査総オゾンマッピングスペクトロメーター (EP/TOMS) のデータを用いて,熱帯圏オゾン柱の深さを回収し,エアロゾール (煙と塵) を吸収するための新しい方法を開発し,適用する.
- トロポスフィアのオゾンとエアロゾールの年次変動と傾向を調査する.
- インドネシアの火災やエルニーニョのような大災害が地域の大気組成に及ぼす影響を分析する.
主な方法:
- EP/TOMSの衛星データから熱帯オゾンと吸収性エアロゾールの新しい検索アルゴリズムを使用しました.
- 1997年8月から11月のデータを分析し,インドネシアの激しい火災に焦点を当てました.
- EP/TOMSの調査結果と1980年代のNimbus 7 TOMSのデータを比較して,トレンド分析を行いました.
主要な成果:
- 1997年の火災でインドネシアからインドに広がる,煙エロゾールから切り離された明確なオゾン層が観測されました.
- エルニーニョとインド洋二極の大気反応に関連した地域的なオゾン層の増加を特定しました.
- Nimbus 7 TOMSのデータは,熱帯圏オゾンと煙のエアロゾールにおけるエルニーニョの信号を示したが,1980年代には,熱帯圏オゾンにおける有意な傾向は明らかにされなかった.
結論:
- 新しい衛星ベースの方法は,汚染を効果的に追跡し,大気の変動性を評価します.
- 大規模な火災は,大規模な気候パターンの影響を受け,広範囲にわたるオゾン汚染を引き起こす可能性があります.
- 熱帯熱帯圏のオゾン変動は,複数の要因によって引き起こされ,煙とオゾン間の季節的なオフセットは,複雑な相互作用を示唆しています.
さらに関連する動画
07:24Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer
Published on: February 19, 2018
03:42Continuous In-woods Production of Biochar Using a Trailer-Mounted Air Curtain Burner
Published on: April 5, 2024
関連する概念動画
The Carbon Cycle
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
The Sulfur Cycle
Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
Enthalpy and Heat of Reaction
Combustion, commonly known as burning, is a reaction in which a substance reacts with an oxidizing agent, which in most cases is molecular oxygen, to liberate energy in the form of heat, light, or sound. The heat of combustion is also known as the enthalpy of combustion. The energy released when one mole of a substance undergoes complete combustion at constant pressure is called molar heat of combustion. Combustion reactions are exothermic; that is, they release energy, and their ΔH sign...
Respiration
Overview of the Respiratory System and Energy Production
Energy production in the human body is primarily fueled by oxidation, a process where food molecules are burned by combining with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. This vital metabolic process sustains life, and is supported intricately by the respiratory system.
Structure and Function of the Respiratory System:
The respiratory system is a complex network of structures that includes the nose, oropharynx, larynx, trachea,...
Energy production in the human body is primarily fueled by oxidation, a process where food molecules are burned by combining with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. This vital metabolic process sustains life, and is supported intricately by the respiratory system.
Structure and Function of the Respiratory System:
The respiratory system is a complex network of structures that includes the nose, oropharynx, larynx, trachea,...
Microbes and Methanogenesis
Methanogenesis is a critical microbial process in anaerobic ecosystems responsible for the biological production of methane, a potent greenhouse gas and valuable biofuel. This metabolic pathway is primarily facilitated by methanogenic archaea, which thrive in anoxic environments such as wetlands, sediments, and animal gastrointestinal tracts. The absence of oxygen in these habitats prevents aerobic respiration, thereby favoring alternative biochemical pathways for organic matter degradation.In...
Microbes and Climate Change
Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
