1990年代半ばのロシアにおける平均寿命の変化
V Shkolnikov1, M McKee, D A Leon
1Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. Shkolnikov@demogr.mpg.de
Lancet (London, England)
|April 6, 2001
まとめ
ロシアの平均寿命は,1994年以降,特に中年男性のアルコール関連死亡が減少したため,著しく改善しました. 幼児死亡率は減少したが,15歳から30歳までの若者の死亡率は依然として高い.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- デモグラフィー デモグラフィー 人口統計
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- ロシアの平均寿命は,1987年から1994年の間に大幅に減少した.
- この傾向は1994年から1998年にかけて逆転し,死亡率は1980年代初頭の水準に戻った.
- この死亡率の改善を促す要因は,最初の減少よりも理解が少ないままです.
研究 の 目的:
- 1998年までの特定死因による死亡率データを分析し,平均寿命の傾向の逆転を理解する.
- 1990年代,ロシアにおける死亡率の変化に寄与する特定の死因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 15歳から74歳までの特定原因による死亡率を調べた.
- 1998年の比率は,1994年 (最低寿命) と1991年 (ソ連崩壊) の比率と比較した.
主要な成果:
- 1994年以降の死亡率の減少は,主に中年者の死亡率の減少によるものです.
- アルコール関連の死因は,1994年以降大幅に減少した.
- 幼児死亡率は減少し,高齢者の死亡率は安定したままでしたものの,15~30歳の死亡率は依然として高い.
結論:
- ロシア人の平均寿命の変動は,死因の多様性の複雑で長期的,現代的な傾向と結びついている.
- アルコールの消費は,1990年代に観察された寿命の変化に重要な役割を果たしました.
- これらの進行中の人口動態の変化を牽引する根本的な要因を完全に理解するために,さらなる研究が必要である.
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