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地球の気候システムの人類による温暖化
S Levitus1, J I Antonov, J Wang
1National Oceanographic Data Center/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NODC/NOAA), Air Resources Laboratory, NODC/NOAA, E/OC5, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. slevitus@nodc.noaa.gov
まとめ
20世紀後半,地球上の海洋は,大気や冷気圏よりもはるかに多くの熱を吸収した. この海洋温暖化は,人類による温室効果ガスの増加によって引き起こされている可能性が高い.
科学分野:
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 地球システム科学 地球システム科学
- 海洋学 海洋学とは
背景:
- 海洋,大気,冷凍圏を含む地球の気候システムの構成要素は,熱含有量の時間的な変動を示しています.
- 20世紀後半は,これらの構成要素に大きな変化が見られた.
研究 の 目的:
- 世界海洋,地球大気,地球の冷凍圏の時間的な熱含有量の変動を比較する.
- 海洋の熱含有量における観測された変化の主な要因を調査する.
主な方法:
- 1950年代から1990年代までの海洋熱含有量 (深さ0~3000m) に関する観測データの分析.
- 温室効果ガス,エアロゾール,太陽光照射の放射線効果を組み込んだ大気・海洋一般循環モデル (GCM) を利用した.
- モデルのシミュレーションを観察データと比較した.
主要な成果:
- すべてのコンポーネントが変化を示した:大気と海洋の熱含有量が増加し,冷凍圏の融解.
- 海洋の熱含有量の増加は,他の構成要素よりも少なくとも1倍の大きさであった.
- GCMシミュレーションは,人為的な要因を考慮して,観測された海洋熱吸収と一致しました.
結論:
- 世界海洋は,1950年代から1990年代にかけて,最も大幅な熱上昇を経験しました.
- 観測された海洋温暖化は,人類による温室効果ガスの増加と強く相関しています.
- これは,海洋の熱含有量の変化を誘発する人間の活動が重要な役割を果たしていることを示唆しています.
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