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関連する概念動画

Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:16

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

In 1923, the Brønsted–Lowry definition of acids and bases was proposed by Johannes Brønsted and Thomas Lowry. According to this theory, a Brønsted acid is defined as a species that donates a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted to its conjugate base. A Brønsted base is defined as a species that accepts a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted into its conjugate acid. These transfers of protons are caused by the displacement of electrons in these reactions, which is...
Microbial Fuel Cells01:23

Microbial Fuel Cells

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices that generate electricity by exploiting the metabolic processes of electrogenic bacteria. These systems provide a renewable energy source and serve as an innovative method for treating organic waste, such as wastewater.A typical MFC consists of two chambers: an anoxic (oxygen-free) compartment that houses the bacteria and an oxic (oxygen-rich) compartment that contains oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Many MFCs use proton...

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

燃料電池の電解質としての固体酸.

S M Haile1, D A Boysen, C R Chisholm

  • 1Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA. smhaile@caltech.edu

Nature
|April 20, 2001
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

セシウム硫酸水素のような固体酸の電解質は,現在のポリマー膜の限界を克服し,高温燃料電池の有望性を示しています. これらの材料は,無水質の陽子輸送と湿気条件下での安定した性能を提供します.

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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科学分野:

  • 電気化学 電気化学について
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • エネルギー変換 エネルギー変換

背景:

  • ポリマー電解質膜燃料電池 (PEMFCs) は,湿気操作条件と低温操作 (<100°C) によって制限されています.
  • PEMFCはメタノールと水素の浸透性に苦しんでおり,燃料効率が低下しています.
  • 固体酸は,無水質の陽子輸送と高温安定性 (250°Cまで) を提供しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 燃料電池の電解質として高温で動作する固体酸の活性を調査する.
  • 高温での固体酸の水溶性および柔性性の限界に対処するために.
  • セシウム硫酸水素 (CsHSO4) の電解質膜の電気化学性能と安定性を評価するために.

主な方法:

  • CsHSO4エレクトロライト膜の製造 (約. 厚さ1.5mm) となっている.
  • 150~160°CでCsHSO4膜を用いたH2/O2燃料電池の試験
  • 湿った大気にさらされた後の電解質の性質の評価.

主要な成果:

  • CsHSO4燃料電池は有望な電気化学性能を示した:オープン回路の電圧は1.11V,電流密度は44mAcm-2.
  • 固体酸の性質は,湿った大気への曝露によって影響を受けなかった.
  • セルは,従来のPEMFCsの限界を大幅に上回る温度で効果的に動作しました.

結論:

  • CsHSO4固体酸電解質は,高温燃料電池の応用の可能性を示しています.
  • より薄い電解質の製造技術を開発し,硫黄の減少を含む長期的な安定性を評価するためにさらなる研究が必要です.
  • 固体酸は,燃料電池技術における現在の限界を克服するための実行可能な代替案です.