自己運動と静止している物体の知覚
M Wexler1, F Panerai, I Lamouret
1Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action, Collège de France, Paris. wexler@ccr.jussieu.fr
Nature
|May 9, 2001
まとめ
積極的対被動的観察は,異なる3D形状の知覚を生み出します. 私たちの発見は,視覚系が静止している物体を,硬い物体とは異なる方法で処理し,深さの知覚に影響することを明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 視覚的知覚 視覚的な知覚
- 計算神経科学とは
- 認知心理学とは,認知心理学である.
背景:
- 視覚的な動きから3次元 (3D) の形状を認識することは,私たちの環境を理解するために不可欠です.
- "硬直性仮説"では,被動的観察者と主動的観察者が3D構造を同一に認識することを前提としており,これは構造から運動の研究の礎石である.
- この仮説は,動いている物体を観察する静止している観察者は,静止している環境を移動する活発な観察者に等しいと仮定しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 主動的および被動的視覚運動知覚が,同等の3D構造知覚につながるかどうかを調査する.
- 構造から運動の研究における伝統的な"剛性仮説"に異議を唱える.
- 3D深度知覚における自己運動 (アクション) の役割を決定する.
主な方法:
- 3D構造の知覚を,同一の視覚運動刺激にさらされたアクティブ・オブザーバーとパッシブ・オブザーバーの間で比較する.
- アクティブオブザーバーの知覚に対する (自己運動に関連する) エクストラレチナル情報の影響を分析する.
- 視覚系が静止 (偏心) 物と単に硬い物体をどのように区別するかを評価する.
主要な成果:
- 積極的および被動的観察者は,3D構造の異なる知覚を示し,同じ視覚入力であっても.
- 3D構造に対するアクティブオブザーバーの知覚は,自身の動きに関するエクストラレチナル情報によって調節されます.
- 視覚系は,絶対的基準枠の中で静止している物体と,ただ固体である物体を区別する.
結論:
- アクティブ・モーション・パーセプションとパッシブ・モーション・パーセプションの同等の仮定は不十分である.
- 行動,特に自己運動情報は,深さの知覚において重要な役割を果たします.
- "硬直性仮説"は,静止物体の視覚系による異なる処理を考慮するために改訂する必要があります.
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