関連する実験動画
Updated: May 4, 2026

10:40
High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Published on: June 28, 2016
7.0K
超流体4HeHeにおける理想的なジョセフソン効果の観測
K Sukhatme1, Y Mukharsky, T Chui
1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
Nature
|May 18, 2001
まとめ
研究者らは,初めて超流体ヘリウム-4 (4He) で理想的なジョセフソン効果を観測した. この量子現象は,以前は変動のために4Heで観測できないと考えられていたが,超流体の移行温度に近いマイクロアパートルで観測された.
科学分野:
- 凝縮物質物理学 凝縮物質物理学
- 量子流体 量子流体について
背景:
- 超流体と超伝導体は,単一の波動によって記述される量子相関性を示す.
- 超流体の流れは,臨界速度を超えて,古典的水力力学から逸脱し,量子化された渦を形成する.
- 質量流が相相差の連続関数である理想的なジョセフソン状態は,以前は超流体3He.Heでのみ観察されていました.
研究 の 目的:
- 超流体ヘリウム-4 (4He) で理想的なジョセフソン効果を観察する.
- 4Heが理想的なジョセフソン体制に移行する条件を調査する.
主な方法:
- 4Heの流れを微小開口の配列を通して研究しています.
- アパートの相差の関数として質量流量を測定する.
- 超流体移行温度 (Tlambda) に近づく様々な温度でシステムの行動を観察する.
主要な成果:
- 理想的なジョセフソン体制は,超流体4He.Heで成功裏に観察されました.
- 温度がTlambda.への上昇に伴い,理想的なジョセフソン状態への移行が検出されました.
- この観測は,変動による4Heにおけるこの効果の観測不可能なことに関する以前の仮定に異議を唱える.
結論:
- 理想的なジョセフソン効果は,超流体4He.Heで観測できる.
- 気温は,4Heで理想的なジョセフソン体制を達成する上で重要な要因です.
- この発見は,ヘリウム-4の量子現象を研究するための新しい道を開く.
関連する概念動画
Coulomb's Law and The Principle of Superposition
8.5K
Coulomb's Law describes the force experienced by two point charges under each other's presence. But what if there are more than two charges? For example, if there is a third charge, does it experience a force that is a simple combination of the individual forces due to the first two charges? Can it be described mathematically?
The Principle of Superposition answers the question. Yes, Coulomb's Law applies to each pair of charges, and the net force on each charge is the vector sum of...
The Principle of Superposition answers the question. Yes, Coulomb's Law applies to each pair of charges, and the net force on each charge is the vector sum of...
8.5K
Types Of Superconductors
1.7K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
1.7K
Joule-Thomson Effect
11.7K
The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
11.7K
Theory of Metallic Conduction
2.0K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
2.0K
The Joule and Joule–Thomson Experiments
241
Consider an adiabatic system composed of two chambers, A and B, designed such that no heat flows into or out of the system. Initially, chamber A is filled with a gas at a fixed temperature T1, pressure p1, and volume V1, while chamber B is evacuated. The gas is then gradually forced through a rigid, porous barrier to chamber B, ultimately reaching temperature T2, pressure p2, and volume V2. A piston on the right side maintains a constant pressure (p2), which is lower than p1. The significant...
241
Nonideal Two-Component Liquid Solutions
137
Nonideal liquid solutions, also known as real solutions, do not strictly follow Raoult's law. Raoult's law is a rule of thumb in physical chemistry. However, not all mixtures adhere to this law due to varying molecular interactions. For example, in an acetone/chloroform solution, the individual vapor pressures of the components are lower than expected, resulting in a total vapor pressure below that predicted by Raoult's law, causing a negative deviation.On the other hand, in an ethanol/water...
137

