主要なキノコの系統は,リチンの共生的な祖先から派生しています
1Department of Botany, The Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA. flutzoni@fmnh.org
Nature
|June 22, 2001
まとめ
シンビオティックなキノコの集団であるリケンは,これまで考えられていたよりも早く進化した. 稀な得点にもかかわらず,この共生の複数の損失は,アスペルギルスのような非リッチン形成の真菌につながりました.
科学分野:
- 菌類学 菌類学とは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- シンビオスのシンビオシス
背景:
- 液体は,真菌と藻類/シアノバクテリアの間の共生関係であり,真菌の炭水化物獲得に不可欠です.
- 菌類は,アスコミコタ属 (Ascomycota phylum) 内のリケニズド (42%) と非リケニズド (58%) の形態が混在している.
- リーチェンの複数の独立した起源は,高い多様性と分類分布のために広く仮説化されています.
研究 の 目的:
- Ascomycota.のリケニゼーションの進化史を調査する.
- リーチンの進化のタイミングとシンビオシスの増加と減少の頻度を決定する.
- 非リチンを形成する真菌種の系統遺伝的起源を理解する.
主な方法:
- アスコミコタ.の系統遺伝的比較分析
- ベイジアン系遺伝樹のサンプリング方法.
- 系統遺伝的不確実性を含む特性の進化の統計モデル.
主要な成果:
- アスコミコタの歴史において,リケンは以前から推定されていたよりも早く進化した.
- リキネゼーションの増殖は稀であったが,リキネシンビオシスの複数の独立した損失が発生した.
- ペニシリウム (Penicillium) やアスペルギルス (Aspergillus) のような人間に関係する属を含む,独占的にリチンを形成しない多くの真菌系は,リチンを形成する祖先から進化した.
結論:
- 液化化の進化は,稀な利益と頻繁な損失によって特徴付けられています.
- これらの進化的動態を理解することは,キノコの多様性と重要なキノコの分類種の起源を理解する鍵です.
- この研究は,アスコミコタ.内の主要な真菌系統の進化の軌道を再考しています.
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