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関連する概念動画

The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Measurement of Air Content in Concrete01:23

Measurement of Air Content in Concrete

Air content measurement in concrete is critical for ensuring structural integrity and durability of concrete structures, especially in environments prone to severe weather conditions. Accurate air content analysis optimizes concrete's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and enhances its workability and strength. Several methods are standardized under ASTM guidelines to measure the air content in fresh concrete, each suitable for different concrete types and conditions.
The pressure method,...
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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
Application of Linearization and Approximation01:29

Application of Linearization and Approximation

A drone flying through complex terrain often relies on more than one sensing method to estimate small changes in altitude. Along with direct measurements, air pressure provides a useful indirect indicator of vertical movement. Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases, and this relationship is commonly described using an exponential model. Although accurate, converting pressure measurements into altitude values requires calculations that are too complex to perform repeatedly during...
Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...

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一貫した陸地と大気ベースの米国のカーボンシンク推定値は,

S W Pacala1, G C Hurtt, D Baker

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Pacala@princeton.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 26, 2001
PubMed
まとめ

米国は1980年から1989年まで,年間0.30〜0.58ペタグラムの炭素を吸収して,重要な炭素吸収源として機能しました. この推定値は,以前の研究よりも大きいもので,森林以外の部門を含み,大気測定と一致しています.

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科学分野:

  • 環境科学 環境科学
  • 大気化学 大気化学
  • エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー

背景:

  • 炭素吸収の正確な推定は,世界の炭素循環の動態を理解するために不可欠です.
  • 米国の炭素吸収槽に関する以前の研究では,範囲と方法論の限界がありました.
  • 1980年から1989年の期間は,炭素結合の動向を評価するための重要な間隔です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 1980年から1989年の間,アメリカ合衆国で発生した炭素吸収量を定量化する.
  • 陸上の推定値と大気ベースの逆転方法を比較する.
  • 時間の経過とともに米国の炭素沈殿体の安定性を調査するために.

主な方法:

  • 追加のプロセスと改訂されたコンポーネントフローを組み込む土地ベースの炭素フロースの推定.
  • 二酸化炭素濃度に基づくトレーサー・トランスポート・インバーション・メソッドを用いた大気モデリング.
  • 陸上および大気ベースのシンク推定値の比較および検証.

主要な成果:

  • 推定される米国の炭素沈殿量は,年間0.30~0.58ペタグラムの炭素 (1980~1989) である.
  • 土地の純炭素フロースは,年間0.37〜0.71ペタグラムの炭素であり,河川および商業輸出を算出した.
  • 土地ベースの推定値は,前回の研究よりも大幅に大きく,約半分は森林部門の外でした.
  • 大気ベースの逆転結果は,不確実性範囲内で,陸上の推定値と一致しました.
  • 米国の炭素吸収槽は,1980年から1989年まで,そして1990年から1994年まで相対的な安定を示した.

結論:

  • 隣接するアメリカ合衆国は,1980年から1989年にかけて,かなりの炭素吸収源として機能した.
  • 多様なプロセスと非森林セクターの取り込みにより,シンク推定の精度が向上しました.
  • 陸上および大気上の方法により,米国の炭素吸収の推定値は一貫しているが,不確実である.
  • 米国の炭素吸収は,評価された期間を通じて比較的安定したままでした.