油の生物分解は,深埋滅菌によって防止された上昇盆地での油
A Wilhelms1, S R Larter, I Head
1Norsk Hydro Research Centre, PO 7190, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
Nature
|June 29, 2001
まとめ
石油品質にとって極めて重要な石油の生物分解は,通常80°C以下で起こります. しかし,冷たい盆地にある劣化していない油は,深く埋葬する際に先行的に滅菌することを示唆し,持ち上げると細菌の再定植を防ぐ.
科学分野:
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 石油地質学 石油地質学
背景:
- バクテリアによる生物分解は,地球の原油貯蔵庫の原油品質に大きな影響を及ぼします.
- 石油の生物分解を理解することは,経済的に有効な石油探査に不可欠です.
- 効果的な生物分解は,一般的に80°C以下で発生することが認められていますが,より高い温度が推測されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 地質学的形成における石油の生物分解につながる条件とプロセスを調査する.
- 80°C未満の貯水池における分解されていない油の存在を,既定の生物分解理論と調和させる.
主な方法:
- 複数の油田からの生物分解度データの収集と分析.
- 石油の生物分解と地質学的歴史の相関関係,上昇と埋葬温度を含む.
主要な成果:
- 浅い,涼しい盆地の劣化していない油は,より深い,より暑い地域から上昇した貯水池で主に見られます.
- 深層埋葬時に約80〜90°Cまで加熱すると,石油貯蔵庫が不妊になるようです.
- 消毒された堆積物は,油を上げて再埋めた後でも,炭化水素を分解するバクテリアによる有意な再植民地化は示されない.
結論:
- 深埋葬中の熱ストレス (80-90°C) による貯水池の滅菌は,生物分解を制限する重要な要因です.
- 以前に高温に曝された上昇貯水池は,深層生物圏の微生物の不活性化により,生物分解されないままである.
- 炭化水素分解剤による再定植の欠如は,殺菌され,より涼しい環境での生物分解を防ぐ.
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