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関連する概念動画

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Crystal Density01:19

Crystal Density

The crystal lattice structure of a material allows us to determine how many molecules exist in its unit cell. With this information, alongside the unit-cell parameters - three distance parameters (a, b, c) and three angular parameters (α, β, γ).Density (ρ) = (Z × M) / (a × b × c × NA)where:Z is the number of formula units per unit cellM is the molar mass of the substancea, b, and c are the edge lengths of the unit cellNA is Avogadro’s numberFor a simple cubic lattice, atoms are located only at...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

溶液から結晶化した2,4,6-トリニトロトールエンの多形性.

R M Vrcelj1, H G Gallagher, J N Sherwood

  • 1Contribution from the Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry and Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 18, 2001
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

溶媒のタイプは,構造的指針によってではなく,溶解性や超飽和性に影響を及ぼし,異なる結晶形に導いて,2,4,6-トリニートロトルエーネ (TNT) のポリモルフィズムに影響します. これはオストワルドと一致する.

さらに関連する動画

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides
07:50

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides

Published on: May 26, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides
07:50

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides

Published on: May 26, 2019

科学分野:

  • 結晶化科学 結晶化科学とは
  • 材料化学 材料化学について
  • 物理化学 物理化学

背景:

  • 2,4,6-トリニトロトールーエン (TNT) の多形性は,その安定性および特性にとって重要である.
  • 以前の研究では,溶媒の種類がTNTの多形形状を直接決定することを示唆していた.
  • 溶媒の効果を理解することは,結晶化プロセスを制御する鍵です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 2,4,6-トリニトロトルーエン (TNT) 降水のポリモルフィック性における溶媒タイプの役割を調査する.
  • 溶媒のステレオ特異的誘導または溶解性が多形的な結果を決定するかどうかを判断する.
  • TNTおよび関連化合物のメタステーブル形態を分離するための規則を定めること.

主な方法:

  • 様々な溶媒から2,4,6-トリニトロトールエーン (TNT) の降水.
  • 段階移行を研究するためのカロリメトリック技術.
  • 構造分析のためにシンクロトロン放射を用いたインシットゥ・クリスタライゼーション研究.

主要な成果:

  • ポリモルフ的変異は,溶解性および超飽和度に関連しており,直接的な溶媒構造指針ではありません.
  • メタステーブルなオーソロンビック相が最初に沈殿し,その後,安定したモノクリニック形態への変換が続きます.
  • 溶媒媒介相変換は,溶解性と運動学によって影響を受けます.

結論:

  • TNTのポリモルフィズムに対する溶媒の効果は,主に運動性および溶解性によるものであり,ステレオ特異的ではありません.
  • 結果はオストワルドの段階法則と一致し,転移安定形態の初期降水を説明しています.
  • 策定されたルールは,関連系における,元安定ポリモルフ形態の分離を導くことができる.