メタンを消費する古生物は,直接結合された同位体および系統遺伝分析によって明らかにされました
V J Orphan1, C H House, K U Hinrichs
1Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
まとめ
海の微生物は,海洋メタンの大部分を消費する. 特定のアーカイア (Methanosarcinales) は軽量メタンを吸収し,他のアーカイアは異なる炭素源を使用し,堆積物における微生物の代謝活動を明らかにする.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 地質化学 地質化学
- バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー
背景:
- アノキシ性海洋沈殿物は,地球規模のメタン循環に不可欠な微生物のコミュニティを宿している.
- 海洋のメタンの80%以上は,これらの環境の微生物によって消費されます.
- メタボリック的に相互依存する微生物コンソーシアムは,メタン豊富な堆積物の中で一般的です.
研究 の 目的:
- 無酸素海洋沈殿物の微生物の代謝活動とアイデンティティを調査する.
- これらの堆積物内の異なる微生物群によって利用される炭素の源を決定する.
- 微生物の代謝機能を同時に特定し評価する方法を実証する.
主な方法:
- 微生物の識別のための光 in situ ハイブリデーション (FISH).
- 安定同位体分析のための二次イオン質量スペクトロメトリ (SIMS) (13C/12C比).
- 組み合わせたFISH-SIMSで,微生物のアイデンティティと代謝活性を関連付けます.
主要な成果:
- Methanosarcinalesに属している特定の古生物学的な細胞は,13C (千分の96) の有意な減少を示した.
- この13Cの枯渇は,これらの古生物による同位体的に軽いメタンの同化を示している.
- 他の微生物種は,より高い13C/12C比を示しており,代替炭素源の使用を示唆しています.
結論:
- この研究では,海洋堆積物中のメタンを同化する特定の考古学的なグループが成功裏に特定されました.
- 無酸素環境における微生物コンソーシアム内で,異なる炭素同化経路が存在する.
- 組み合わせたFISH-SIMSアプローチは,微生物のアイデンティティとメタボリックアクティビティの同時決定に効果的です.
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