最近の火星の気候変動の証拠は,地表近くの若い地表氷の特定から得られた
J F Mustard1, C D Cooper, M K Rifkin
1Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. john_mustard@brown.edu
Nature
|July 27, 2001
まとめ
火星の中緯度で地下水の氷が発見され,凍った水の重要な貯蔵庫を示しています. 土壌の毛穴の空間に存在するこの地面の氷は,過去の気候期間中に形成された後,現在減少しています.
科学分野:
- 惑星科学は惑星科学である.
- 地質学 地質学 地質学
- 天体生物学 アストロバイオロジー
背景:
- 火星の地殻と土壌の地下氷は,かなりの水の貯蔵庫を表しています.
- 地表近くの地氷は,緯度40度から北極に向かって安定すると予測されており,観測された地形学的な特徴がこれを支持しています.
- 中緯度の土壌は潜在的な水氷貯蔵庫であり,その容量は軌道気候サイクルによって影響を受けます.
研究 の 目的:
- 火星の中緯度における地表近くの地面氷の存在と範囲を調査する.
- この潜在的な水氷貯蔵庫の容量を定量化するために.
- 中緯度の地氷の時間的動態と起源を理解するために.
主な方法:
- 観測的証拠は,地表近くの水氷を特定するために収集されました.
- 氷に覆われた土壌の貯水池の厚さと緯度分布の分析.
- 火星の気候の歴史に基づく貯水池形成と退廃の時間スケールの推論.
主要な成果:
- 直接観測の証拠は,土壌の毛穴の空間に,地表近くの水氷の中緯度貯蔵庫があることを確認しています.
- 氷で覆われた土壌の貯水池は,緯度帯30度から60度まで,1〜10メートルの厚さがあります.
- 貯水池の推定容量は (1.5-6.0) x 10^4 km3で,10~40cmの地球水層に相当する.
結論:
- 発見された中緯度の地下氷の貯水池は,火星の重要な水資源である.
- この貯水池は,おそらく10万年未満前の高軌道傾斜期に形成された.
- 現在の気候条件は,この地下水の氷の量の減少を引き起こしています.
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