移動する鳥の緩衝効果と大規模な集団規制
J A Gill1, K Norris, P M Potts
1Tyndall Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. j.gill@uea.ac.uk
Nature
|July 27, 2001
まとめ
質の悪い生息地は野生生物の集団を緩衝し,生存と繁殖の成功に影響を与えます. この研究は,この緩衝効果が,全国規模で移住鳥の個体数に影響することを示しています.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 人口のダイナミクス
- 鳥類学 鳥類学とは,鳥類学である.
背景:
- 緩衝効果は,生息地の質が変化すると発生し,質が悪い場所での増加した人口変動につながります.
- このメカニズムは,貧しい地域に住むことで人口統計学的コストがかかる場合,人口を規制することができます.
研究 の 目的:
- 移動鳥の集団における緩衝効果の全国の規模を調査する.
- 生存と繁殖へのバッファ効果の影響を決定する.
主な方法:
- イギリスで冬を過ごしているアイスランド黒尾ゴッドウィット (Limosa limosa islandica) の個体群を研究した.
- 1970年代以降の異なる河口における人口変化を分析した.
- 獲物の摂取量,生存率,到着時間を,様々な場所の集団動態に関連して評価した.
主要な成果:
- ブラックテイル・ゴッドウィトの個体数は4倍に増加し,河口を横断する割合は様々であった.
- 最初の数が少ない河口では,人口増加が大きいことが示されました.
- これらの高成長,低品質の場所の鳥は,獲物の摂取量が減り,生存率が低下し,アイスランドへの到着が遅くなった.
結論:
- 緩衝効果は,移住種における大規模な集団規制に大きく影響する.
- 質の悪い場所に関連する人口統計学的コストは,人口規制を推進します.
- 緩衝効果は,生存と生殖のタイミングの両方に重大な影響を及ぼします.
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