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Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 13, 2026

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration
09:07

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

Published on: March 18, 2014

ユビキチネーションに依存するメカニズムは,シナプスの成長と機能を調節する.

A DiAntonio1, A P Haghighi, S L Portman

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8103, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. dianton@pcg.wustl.edu

Nature
|July 27, 2001
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ユビキチン依存メカニズムはシナプスの発達を制御する. ニューロンのデウビキチン化プロテアゼを阻害すると,シナプスの過剰成長と機能障害が発生し,ユビキチン化調節体のバランスが重要なことを示唆しています.

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An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins
09:33

An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins

Published on: June 26, 2018

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones
11:36

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones

Published on: July 25, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration
09:07

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

Published on: March 18, 2014

An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins
09:33

An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins

Published on: June 26, 2018

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones
11:36

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones

Published on: July 25, 2019

科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.

背景:

  • ユビキチネーションは,タンパク質の活性と局所化を調節する重要な翻訳後の修正である.
  • ユビキチン依存経路は,細胞サイクル進行やアポトーシスなどのプロセスに不可欠です.
  • シナプスの発達におけるユビキチネーションの役割は,ほとんど未知のままである.

研究 の 目的:

  • シナプスの発達におけるユビキチン依存メカニズムの役割を調査する.
  • ドロソフィラの神経筋関節 (NMJ) でのシナプス成長と機能に対するデウビキチン化プロテアズの影響を決定する.

主な方法:

  • ドロソフィラにおけるデウビキチン化プロテアゼ (脂肪系とUBP2) のニューロンの過剰発現.
  • 脂肪の側面とハイワイヤーの間の遺伝的相互作用分析.
  • シナプスボタン数,分岐パターン,シナプス機能の評価.

主要な成果:

  • 脂肪の側面のニューロンの過剰発現は,ボタン数と分岐の増加によって特徴づけられる重要なシナプス過剰成長をもたらしました.
  • イーストデウビキチン化プロテアゼUBP2の発現もシナプス過剰成長と機能不全を引き起こした.
  • 遺伝子の相互作用は,この経路においてハイワイヤが負の調節体として作用することを示唆している.

結論:

  • ウビキチン依存メカニズムは,ドロソフィラNMJにおけるシナプス発達の重要なレギュレーターである.
  • デユビキチン化プロテアゼは,シナプスの成長を制御する上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • シナプスの発達は,ユビキチネーションの陽性・陰性レギュレータのバランスによって左右される可能性が高い.