歴史的な過剰漁獲と近年の沿岸生態系の崩壊
J B Jackson1, M X Kirby, W H Berger
1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0244, USA. jbcj@ucsd.edu
まとめ
過剰漁獲は歴史的に沿岸生態系における生態学的絶滅を促し,汚染や気候変動などの他の人間の影響に先立ちました. 遡及データは,長い時間遅れを明らかにし,修復の洞察を提供します.
科学分野:
- 海洋生態学 海洋生態学
- パレオエコロジー (古生態学)
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
背景:
- 過剰漁獲は,沿岸の生態系における生態学的絶滅の主な要因である.
- 歴史的な魚の個体数は,現在の個体よりもはるかに大きかった.
- 汚染や気候変動のような人間の干渉は,しばしば過剰漁獲の影響に続く.
研究 の 目的:
- 過剰漁獲が沿岸生態系に及ぼす歴史的影響を分析する.
- 過剰漁獲とコミュニティのシフトの間の時間の遅れを理解するために.
- 歴史的な生態学的データに基づいた復元と管理の目標を特定する.
主な方法:
- 古代生態学,考古学,歴史的データの分析.
- 歴史的な種の豊富さと生態学的役割の再構築.
- 長期的な生態学的変化と最近の観測を比較する.
主要な成果:
- 過剰漁獲による生態学的絶滅は,他の人為的な干渉よりも先行しています.
- 過剰漁獲と生態系全体の変化の間には,かなりの時間遅れ (数十年から数世紀) が存在します.
- トロフィックカスケードは,同様の種が過剰漁獲されたものを置き換えて,それも減少するまで発生しました.
結論:
- 歴史的なデータは,過剰漁獲の影響の全範囲を理解するために不可欠です.
- 修復と管理の目標は,長期的な生態学的視点から判断できる.
- 歴史的な生態学的ベースラインを認識することは,効果的な沿岸生態系管理に不可欠です.
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