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4つの紛争後の環境における生涯の出来事とトラウマ後ストレス障害
J T de Jong1, I H Komproe, M Van Ommeren
1Transcultural Psychosocial Organisation (TPO), Keizersgracht 329, 1016 EE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
JAMA
|August 14, 2001
まとめ
この研究では,低所得で紛争後の4つの国で,トラウマ後ストレス障害 (PTSD) を調査した. 発見は,PTSDの流行と国別のリスク要因の違いを明らかにし,トラウマの影響と文脈的な理解の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- グローバルメンタルヘルス グローバルメンタルヘルス
- トラウマ研究 トラウマ研究
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- トラウマが低所得,紛争後の環境で与える影響についての理解は限られている.
- これらの地域の住民は,しばしば複数のトラウマを体験します.
- トラウマ後ストレス障害 (PTSD) は,戦争や集団暴力の生存者の大きな懸念です.
研究 の 目的:
- 4つの紛争後の低所得国におけるPTSDの罹患率を決定する.
- これらの集団におけるPTSDに関連した危険因子を特定する.
- 特定のトラウマ体験が精神的健康上の結果に及ぼす影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 1997年から1999年の間に疫学調査が行われました.
- 参加者は,アルジェリア,カンボジア,エチオピア,ガザの戦争や集団暴力の生存者であった.
- PTSDは,複合国際診断面接を使用して評価され,外傷的な出来事は,適応されたライフイベントと社会史アンケートを使用して評価されました.
主要な成果:
- PTSDの罹患率は,アルジェリア (37.4%),カンボジア (28.4%),エチオピア (15.8%),ガザ (17.8%) の国々によって異なる.
- 12歳以降の紛争関連のトラウマは普遍的なリスク因子であり,拷問は3つの国でリスク因子であった.
- 特定の危険因子には,精神病歴,キャンプの質,日々の煩わしさ,家庭のストレス,家族の分離,親のアルコール乱用が含まれ,国によって異なる.
結論:
- 4つの被験者集団において,PTSDの症状発生率の有意な変動が観察されました.
- 各国で,PTSDの危険因子の明確なパターンが特定されました.
- この調査結果は,トラウマ性ストレスの研究と人権における文脈的差異を考慮する重要性を強調しています.
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