栄養失調,麻疹,死亡率,そしてエヒオピアで飢饉が起きた時の人道支援
1National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Mailstop F-48, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. psalama@cdc.gov
JAMA
|August 14, 2001
まとめ
エチオピアのゴデ地区における高い死亡率と広範な栄養失調は,迅速な人道支援と麻疹予防接種キャンペーンの必要性を強調しています. この研究は,飢饉の影響と公衆衛生の優先事項に関する重要なデータを提供します.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- デモグラフィー デモグラフィー 人口統計
背景:
- エチオピアは2000年に潜在的飢饉に直面し,1000万人が危険にさらされた.
- 飢饉の中心地であるゴデ地区の人口データは存在しなかった.
- 飢饉を回避した主張は,経験的証拠の欠如と対照的です.
研究 の 目的:
- ゴデ地区における死亡率の推定.
- 死亡の主な原因を特定する.
- 子どもと成人における栄養失調の発生率を決定する.
主な方法:
- 2000年7月~8月に実施された2段階のクラスター調査.
- アントロポメトリック測定と遡及的な死亡率データ (8ヶ月) を含む.
- ゴデ地区の595世帯 (4,032人) を調査した.
主要な成果:
- 生体死亡率は3.2/10,000/日であり,緊急事態の値の3倍であった.
- 5歳未満の死亡率は6.8/10,000/日でした.
- 荒廃は子供の29.1% (6mo-5yr) に影響し,成人の栄養不良は22.7% (18-59yr) であった.
- 麻疹と消耗は,子供の死亡率に大きく寄与している.
- 死亡者の77%は,重要な援助が到着する前に発生しました.
結論:
- 証拠に基づいた迅速で調整された人道的対応は,飢饉の軽減に不可欠です.
- 大規模な麻疹予防接種キャンペーンなどの公衆衛生介入を優先する.
- すべての重篤で長期の飢饉における消耗と栄養不良の発生率を評価する.
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