魚介類の海鳥の食物に対する特異性の内競争の証拠
S Lewis1, T N Sherratt, K C Hamer
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
Nature
|August 24, 2001
まとめ
海鳥の個体数の動態は,獲物の利用可能性によって影響を受けます. より大きな北方 (Morus bassanus) のコロニーは,より長い食糧探しの旅を経験し,獲物の枯渇のために人口増加率に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 鳥の生態学 鳥の生態学とは
- 人口生物学 人口生物学
- 海洋鳥類学 海洋鳥類学とは
背景:
- 海鳥の集団動態は複雑で,繁殖期における獲物の枯渇が重要な規制要因として示唆されている.
- 海鳥における密度依存の調節に関する証拠は,明らかに機械的な理解が欠け,大部分は間接的であった.
研究 の 目的:
- 北部ウミガメ (Morus bassanus) の集団サイズと成長率の関係を調査する.
- コロニーサイズが,飼育行動や,繁殖バニットの獲物アクセシビリティに与える影響を判断する.
主な方法:
- イギリスとアイルランドの北極ウミガメのコロニーの大きさとの関係で,一人当たりの人口増加率の分析.
- コロニーの大きさと相関する繁殖ガネットの餌探し旅行の長さの直接観察.
- 獲物の乱れが採食行動に与える影響をシミュレートするモデルの開発.
主要な成果:
- 人口増加率は,人口規模が増加するにつれて著しく減少した.
- 繁殖ガネットの平均食糧探し旅行期間は,コロニーサイズと正の相関関係を示しました.
- モデルシミュレーションでは,魚の乱れだけで,より大きなコロニーのガネットの餌探し距離を増加させることが示されました.
結論:
- コロニーの大きさは,密度依存の餌探し制約を通じて,北方ガネットの集団動態に影響を与える重要な要因です.
- 獲物の可用性により,より大きなコロニーでの食糧採集の努力が増加すると,人口増加が制限される可能性が高い.
- この発見は,この海鳥種の密度依存性調節のメカニズム的説明を提供する.
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