ケニアにおける輸血によるHIV感染の推定リスク
A Moore1, G Herrera, J Nyamongo
1Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Georgia, Atlanta 30333, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 1, 2001
まとめ
ケニアでは,血液輸血の2.0%が,検査室での不適切な操作によりHIVを感染させたことが,ある研究で明らかになった. これは,血液の安全性を向上させ,開発途上国におけるヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) 感染リスクを減らすための重要な必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
- 輸血医学とは
背景:
- 開発途上国では,血液の安全性プログラムに十分な支援が欠けていることが多い.
- ケニアは,成熟したヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) の流行に直面しており,輸血のリスクが増加しています.
研究 の 目的:
- ケニアにおける輸血によるHIV感染のリスクを評価する.
- 血液安全問題に対する意識を高めること.
- 輸血に関連したHIV感染を緩和する戦略を特定する.
主な方法:
- ケニアの6つの病院で12週間にわたって (1994年4月~7月) 献血者と受血者から血液サンプルを採取した.
- 標準的な病院の実験室の慣行を用いて,HIVの検査を施した寄付.
- 病院の検査結果をリファレンスラボと比較し,輸血に関連したHIV感染リスクを計算した.
主要な成果:
- 献血者におけるHIV感染率は6.4%で,病院間では有意に異なる (2~20%).
- 推定2.0%の輸血でHIVが感染し,26件のHIV陽性献血がHIV陰性患者に与えられました.
- 原因となる要因は,冷却の不整合,データエラー,機器の故障,品質保証の欠如などです.
結論:
- 誤った検査方法が,ケニアの輸血によるHIV感染率の高さの主な原因でした.
- ケニア保健省は,研究結果に基づいて,全国的な血液の安全性を高めるために,実用的で低コストの介入を実施しました.
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