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関連する概念動画

Life Histories01:29

Life Histories

Constrained by limited energy and resources, organisms must compromise between offspring quantity and parental investment. This trade-off is represented by two primary reproductive strategies; K-strategists produce few offspring but provide substantial parental support, whereas r-strategists produce much progeny that receives little care. These strategies are related to an organism’s survival likelihood across its lifespan, which is represented by a survivorship curve. Three general types of...
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
What is Evolutionary History?02:35

What is Evolutionary History?

Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.Phylogenetic trees illustrate the evolutionary relationships among these organisms. Scientists infer organisms’ common ancestry by evaluating shared morphological and genetic characteristics. Together, the fossil...
The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.The collection of fossils within sedimentary rocks give a record of common ancestry and often depicts the history of evolution.
The Fossil Record02:56

The Fossil Record

The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes02:40

The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes

The “tree of life” describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ancestor to all life on Earth. All other species radiate from this point, much like the branches of a tree. The numerous tips of these branches on the tree of life represent every living, or extant, species. Extinct species, which are species that no longer exist, can be found towards the center of the tree. Currently, these organisms, both extant and...

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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter
10:20

Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter

Published on: March 12, 2013

古代の生物圏は,ひっくり返っていたのでしょうか.

J C Walker1

  • 1Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.

Nature
|October 22, 1987
PubMed
まとめ

光合成により,有機炭素と酸化物質が生成されます. 酸素や鉄のようなこれらの産物の差異輸送は,地球の古代の生物圏を形成し,底部で酸化し,上部で還元しました.

科学分野:

  • バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー
  • 地質学 地質学 地質学
  • 古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは

背景:

  • 光合成は,同量の還元された有機炭素と酸化したパートナーを生成します.
  • これらの製品は反応することができるが,環境輸送プロセスによって分離され,異なる酸化還元ゾーンが形成される.
  • これらの酸化還元ダイナミクスを理解することは,地球の初期の生地化学サイクルを解釈する上で極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 酸化のないアルカイア生物圏における光合成製品の差異的輸送を調査する.
  • 古代生物圏の酸化還元分層と現代生物圏の酸化還元分層を対比する.
  • 地球初期の歴史における酸化物質と還元物質の分布モデルを提案する.

主な方法:

  • 化学的性質と輸送過程に基づく概念モデリング.
  • 現代と古代の生地化学条件の比較.
  • 酸素,鉄,有機炭素などの主要な化合物の溶解性と移動性の分析.

主要な成果:

  • 現代の生物圏では,酸素は大気中に蓄積され,有機物質は沈着する.
キーワード:
NASAの規律 エキゾバイオロジーNASAの規律規則52-30号についてNASA エクゾバイオロジープログラム非NASAのセンターです.

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Using Archival Japanese Paper and Thermoplastic Resins to Prepare Fossils for Storage, Display, Transport, and Radiography
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Using Archival Japanese Paper and Thermoplastic Resins to Prepare Fossils for Storage, Display, Transport, and Radiography

Published on: November 14, 2025

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter
10:20

Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter

Published on: March 12, 2013

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices
04:35

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices

Published on: July 28, 2023

Using Archival Japanese Paper and Thermoplastic Resins to Prepare Fossils for Storage, Display, Transport, and Radiography
07:30

Using Archival Japanese Paper and Thermoplastic Resins to Prepare Fossils for Storage, Display, Transport, and Radiography

Published on: November 14, 2025

  • アノキシックなアルカイア時代の地球では,酸化鉄は溶解性が低いため,有機炭素よりも早く安定したと考えられます.
  • この差異的な輸送は,酸化する"底" (堆積物) と減少する"頂" (海洋/大気) につながるだろう.

    • 結論:

    • 生物圏のリドックス構造は,光合成製品の化学特性によって著しく影響を受けます.
    • 古代の生物圏は,現代の生物圏と比較して,おそらく逆の酸化還元分層化を示した.
    • これは,地球の初期の歴史において,根本的に異なる生地化学的環境があったことを示唆している.