宇宙における神経胞の昼夜リズム:内生外生問題の再検討
F M Sulzman1, D Ellman, C A Fuller
1Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Binghamton 13901, USA.
まとめ
Neurospora crassaの昼夜リズムは,空間での周期を維持したが,明瞭性が低下した. 宇宙飛行がタイムキーピングメカニズムまたはその表現に影響を与えたかどうかを判断するために,さらなる分析が必要です.
科学分野:
- *クロノバイオロジー
- *宇宙生物学について
- * 菌類学 * 菌類学
背景:
- *日経リズム (circadian rhythms) は,日々のサイクルを調節する内生的な生物学的プロセスである.
- *これらのリズムは,地球の24時間の自転などの環境のシグナルによってしばしば誘導されます.
- *これらのシグナルがない場合の昼夜関数を理解することは,長期間の宇宙ミッションにおいて極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- *宇宙飛行の条件下で,菌類Neurospora crassaの昼夜リズムの機能を調査する.
- * 地球の24時間周期がないことが,自由走行期と昼夜リズムの発現に影響を与えるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- * Neurospora crassaのコンディエーションリズムをモニターした.
- *宇宙飛行中の実験は,絶え間ない暗闇の中で行われました.
- * リズムを自由に実行する期間を,地球ベースのコントロールと比較した.
主要な成果:
- *Neurospora crassaのリズムが自由に動く期間は,地球と比較して宇宙で一貫したままでした.
- *宇宙飛行の条件では,リズムの明晰さの有意な減少が観察されました.
- * いくつかの実験サンプルで,明らかな不律が認められた.
結論:
- *Neurospora crassaの昼夜リズムの基本的期間は,宇宙飛行によって邪魔されることはありません.
- *宇宙飛行は,昼夜リズムの表現や強度に影響を与える可能性があります.
- * タイムキーピングメカニズムに対する効果と,その顕現を区別するために,さらなる研究が必要である.
関連する概念動画
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
Brainstem
The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells
Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells that interact...
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells that interact...


