人類は,世界最大の進化力である.
1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. spalumbi@oeb.harvard.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 8, 2001
まとめ
人間の活動により,種の進化が加速され,薬剤や農薬に対する耐性から生じる経済的コストが大きくなります. 進化の原理を適用することで,害虫と病気の管理におけるこれらの影響を軽減することができます.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 環境科学 環境科学
背景:
- 人口増加と技術の進歩は,地球生態に大きく影響を与えます.
- 急速な進化は,害虫,病原体,商業的に重要な種を含む様々な生物で観察されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の活動が他の種に及ぼす進化的影響を強調する.
- 急速な進化の経済的影響を定量化するために.
- 害虫や病気の管理における応用進化原理の有用性を実証する.
主な方法:
- 加速した進化の文書化された事例の分析.
- 耐性および適応に関連するコストの経済的評価.
- 経営戦略における進化的原理の成功した応用に関するレビュー.
主要な成果:
- 進化の加速は,抗生物質とHIV耐性,植物と昆虫の農薬耐性,侵入種動態,漁業,害虫の生物学的コントロールへの適応で明らかである.
- 米国における加速進化の経済的コストは,年間330億ドルから500億ドルと推定されています.
- 進化の"軍拡競争"を遅らせたり,制御したりする管理戦略は,有効であることが証明されています.
結論:
- 人間によって引き起こされる生態学的変化は,他の種の急速な進化を促します.
- 応用進化生物学は,人間の活動が進化に与える負の影響を減らすための実用的な解決策を提供しています.
- 害虫や病気の効果的な管理は,進化の原理を理解し,適用することによって達成できます.
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