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関連する概念動画

Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
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Genome Copying Errors02:46

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DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

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Isolation of Precursor B-cell Subsets from Umbilical Cord Blood
14:06

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Published on: April 16, 2013

免疫系における非同期的な複製とアレル排除

R Mostoslavsky1, N Singh, T Tenzen

  • 1Department of Cellular Biochemistry & Human Genetics, and Experimental Medicine & Cancer Research, PO Box 12272, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.

Nature
|November 9, 2001
PubMed
まとめ

成熟したB細胞の発達は,単一の抗原受容体を選択するためにアレル排除に依存しています. DNA複製のタイミングはエピジェネティックマークとして作用し,X染色体不活性化に類似して,早期複製アレルの再配置を好みます.

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科学分野:

  • 免疫学 免疫学とは
  • エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.

背景:

  • B細胞の発達には,単一の抗原受容体を発現させる必要があるため,アレル排除が必要である.
  • アレル排除は,ある2つのアレルから1つの受容体型が選択されることを保証する.
  • エピジェネティックメカニズムは,潜在的に遺伝子の再編成を先導し,アレル選択を制御する可能性があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • アレルの区別のためのメカニズムとしてDNA複製のタイミングを調査する.
  • B細胞受容体遺伝子座標におけるアレル排除の表遺伝的基礎を理解する.

主な方法:

  • B細胞受容体 (BCR) とT細胞受容体 (TCR) の位置におけるDNA複製タイミングの分析.
  • 免疫受容体遺伝子の非同期的な複製パターンを調べる.

主要な成果:

  • B細胞受容体位置 (mu,kappa,lambda) とTCRbeta位置は非同期的な複製を示しています.
  • この非同期的な複製パターンは,発達初期に確立され,クローン的に維持されます.
  • 早期複製するアレルは,優先的に初期再配置のために選択されます.

結論:

  • 非同期的なDNA複製は,アレル排除の表遺伝的マークとして機能する.
  • このプロセスは,B細胞で当初再編成されたアレルを選択する上で極めて重要です.
  • 免疫系におけるアレル排除は,X染色体不活性化と類似点がある可能性があります.