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Neural Regulation

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

Classification of Neurotransmitters

Classification of Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants

Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Spinal Cord Electrophysiology

Spinal Cord Electrophysiology

Published on: January 19, 2010

中枢神経系のシナプトゲネシスは,膠原産のコレステロールによって促進される.

D H Mauch¹, K Nägler, S Schumacher

¹Synapse Group and, Protein Chemistry Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13092 Berlin, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 10, 2001

まとめ

膠質は,中枢神経系 (CNS) のシナプトゲネシスをサポートするために,リポタンパク質を介して必須のコレステロールを供給します. コレステロールの可用性はシナプスの発達を制限し,発達遅延と神経学的障害を説明します.

科学分野:

神経科学は神経科学である.
細胞生物学細胞生物学
バイオケミストリーバイオケミストリー

背景:

中枢神経系 (CNS) のシナプトゲネシスには,ほとんど未知のままの複雑な分子機構が含まれています.
以前特定された膠原産因子は,培養された中枢神経系のニューロンにおけるシナプス発達の有意な増強を示すことが示されました.

研究の目的:

シナプスの発達を促進するグリア系由来因子を特定する.
中枢神経系のシナプトゲネシスにおけるコレステロールとリポタンパク質の役割を明らかにする.

主な方法:

生物化学分析を用いたグリア由来因子の特定.
シナプスの形成を研究するために,浄化された中枢神経系のニューロンの培養.
シナプスの発達に必要なコレステロールの評価.

主要な成果:

特定されたグリア由来因子は,アポリポプロテインEを含むリポタンパク質と複合したコレステロールである.
CNSニューロンは生存と成長のために十分なコレステロールを生産しますが,成熟したシナプス形成には,グリアによって供給される追加のコレステロールが必要です.
コレステロールの利用可能性は,中枢神経系のシナプトゲネシスを制限する要因として特定されました.

さらに関連する動画

Preparation of Acute Brain Slices Using an Optimized N-Methyl-D-glucamine Protective Recovery Method

Preparation of Acute Brain Slices Using an Optimized N-Methyl-D-glucamine Protective Recovery Method

Published on: February 26, 2018

Generation of Induced Neural Stem Cells from Peripheral Mononuclear Cells and Differentiation Toward Dopaminergic Neuron Precursors for Transplantation Studies

Generation of Induced Neural Stem Cells from Peripheral Mononuclear Cells and Differentiation Toward Dopaminergic Neuron Precursors for Transplantation Studies

Published on: July 11, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Spinal Cord Electrophysiology

Spinal Cord Electrophysiology

Published on: January 19, 2010

Preparation of Acute Brain Slices Using an Optimized N-Methyl-D-glucamine Protective Recovery Method

Preparation of Acute Brain Slices Using an Optimized N-Methyl-D-glucamine Protective Recovery Method

Published on: February 26, 2018

Generation of Induced Neural Stem Cells from Peripheral Mononuclear Cells and Differentiation Toward Dopaminergic Neuron Precursors for Transplantation Studies

Generation of Induced Neural Stem Cells from Peripheral Mononuclear Cells and Differentiation Toward Dopaminergic Neuron Precursors for Transplantation Studies

Published on: July 11, 2019

結論:

アポリポプロテインEリポプロテインで運ばれる,グリアから供給されるコレステロールは,中枢神経系のシナプトゲネシスに不可欠です.
研究結果は,コレステロールの利用可能性がシナプス形成の速度と範囲を調節することを示唆しています.
このメカニズムは,中枢神経系のシナプトゲネシスのタイミングと,膠質の分化と,コレステロール・ホメオスタシスの欠陥の神経行動的結果を説明する可能性がある.