エルニーニョが引き起こした干ばつで伐採された森林の火災による被害の増加
F Siegert1, G Ruecker, A Hinrichs
1Ludwig Maximilians University, Department of Biology, Luisenstrasse 14, 80333 München, Germany. fsiegert@zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de
Nature
|November 24, 2001
まとめ
1997-98年の熱帯雨林の火災は,伐採された森林に不均衡な影響を及ぼし,選択的伐採と火災感受性の増加との関連を裏付けました. このダメージは,豊富な枯れ,易燃性のある木材による将来の火災リスクを高めます.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 森林生態学 森林生態学 森林生態学
- リモートセンシング (リモートセンサー)
背景:
- エルニーニョ/南方振動 (ENSO) に関する異常な干ばつにより,1997-98年に熱帯雨林の火災が広範囲に広がりました.
- 選択的伐採は,熱帯雨林の火災感受性を高める可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 1997-98年のインドネシア火災の際の選択的伐採と火災の影響の関係を調査する.
- 東カリマンタン,ボルネオにおけるこれらの火災の範囲と植生への影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 粗度および高解像度の光学およびレーダー衛星画像を用いたマルチスケール分析.
- 衛星データを検証し,火災による被害を評価するために地上および空からの調査を行います.
- 分析は,原生林,選択伐採林,長伐採林における火災の影響の区別に焦点を当てた.
主要な成果:
- 5.2 +/- 0.3百万ヘクタールの土地が焼失し,そのうち260万ヘクタールの森林が焼失した.
- 火災は,主に最近伐採された森林に影響を及ぼしたが,原生林または長年にわたって伐採された森林は,被害が少ない.
- 枯れた易燃木材による残存の森林への大きな被害と将来の火災のリスクの増加.
結論:
- この結果は,伐採活動と熱帯雨林における火災発生の間のポジティブなフィードバックループを裏付けている.
- 選択的伐採は,火災による被害を悪化させ,火災が再発する可能性を高めます.
- この研究は,伐採された熱帯雨林が気候によって引き起こされる極端な出来事に対する脆弱性を強調しています.
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