核受容体と脂質生理学:Xファイルを開く
A Chawla1, J J Repa, R M Evans
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Post Office Box 85800, San Diego, CA 92186-5800, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 1, 2001
まとめ
コレステロールや脂肪酸のような食事中の脂質は,信号伝達に不可欠です. 身体がこれらの生物活性脂質をどのように処理し,排出するかを理解することは,代謝制御の鍵です.
科学分野:
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- メタボリックシグナリング
背景:
- 食中の脂質 (コレステロール,脂肪酸,脂肪溶性ビタミン) は,信号分子の重要な栄養素であり前駆体である.
- これらの脂質は,生物学的活動のために腸内吸収と代謝変換を必要とします.
- 脂質の除去は,生理学的ホメオスタシスの維持に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 脂質代謝とシグナル伝達経路を制御するメカニズムを探求する.
- 生物活性脂質とその関連細胞成分間の通信ネットワークを調査する.
- 脂質ベースのシグナル伝達のより高いレベルの代謝制御を理解するために.
主な方法:
- 生物活性脂質に関する一般原則の検討と検討.
- 脂質シグナル伝達経路内の分子相互作用の分析.
- 脂質に関連する核受容体作用の検討.
主要な成果:
- 脂質代謝には,吸収,変換,配送,排出が含まれています.
- 脂質,受容体,結合タンパク質,トランスポーター,酵素の間には複雑な相互作用が存在します.
- 生物活性脂質と核受容体は,複雑な分子スクリプトで動作する.
結論:
- 脂質代謝とシグナル伝達は,厳格に規制されたプロセスです.
- 脂質経路の効果的な調整は,生理学的バランスのために不可欠です.
- この研究は,脂質ベースの代謝制御の基礎となる複雑な分子構造を明らかにしています.
関連する概念動画
01:08Intracellular Hormone Receptors
Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
01:31Internal Receptors
Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
01:45Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
01:31Internal Receptors
Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
01:26Signal Transduction: Overview
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
01:31Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors
Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes: