ロブスターの嗅ぎ方:アンテナの設計と,匂いの羽根の中の情報の水力学的フィルタリング
M A Koehl1, J R Koseff, J P Crimaldi
1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA. cnidaria@socrates.berkeley.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 1, 2001
まとめ
ロブスターのアンテナは,揺れる水から匂いの分子を捕捉します. この水力学的な作用は,化学感知毛の中に濃度パターンを保存することによって,匂いの検出を強化します.
科学分野:
- マリン・バイオロジーの海洋生物学
- 感覚神経科学は,感覚神経科学と関連しています.
- 流体力学 流体力学
背景:
- 嗅覚情報の処理は,匂いの分子の捕捉から始まります.
- 動物は化学感知毛を持つアンテナを使用して,乱暴な環境で匂いを検出します.
- 水力力学的相互作用を理解することは,嗅覚受容にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- ロブスターの嗅覚アンテナが匂いの羽根をどのように操作するかを調査するために.
- アンテナで匂いを捕まえるヒドロダイナミックメカニズムを明らかにするために.
- 乱暴な匂いの羽根の中で時空の濃縮パターンを視覚化するために.
主な方法:
- 液体の流れと濃度パターンを視覚化するために,平面的なレーザー誘発の光を用いた.
- ロブスターのアンテナが自然に振動する時の水力学を研究した.
- アンテナの動きと乱暴な匂いの羽根の相互作用を分析した.
主要な成果:
- ロブスターのアンテナは,乱暴な匂いの羽根で時空の濃縮パターンを積極的に変化させます.
- 急速なダウンストロークの間,細かいスケールの濃縮パターンを運ぶ水は,化学感知器の髪の配列に浸透します.
- 濃縮パターンは,より遅いリターンストロークの間に保持され,匂いの検出を強化します.
結論:
- アンテナの振動は,乱暴な水中の環境で効率的な匂いを捕捉するための重要なメカニズムです.
- ロブスターのアンテナで採用されている水力動力学的戦略は,嗅覚信号の受信を最適化します.
- この物理的プロセスは,嗅覚情報処理におけるニューラルフィルタリングに先立ちます.
関連する概念動画
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Entrainment devices use a high fluid speed to create low pressures and, thus, entrain one fluid into another. Some examples of these devices are given below:
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Bernoulli's principle determines the water's velocity along the slide.
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01:28Pipe Flowrate Measurement
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