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アメリカ合衆国における学校関連暴力による死亡,1994-1999年
M Anderson1, J Kaufman, T R Simon
1Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K-60, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. mea6@cdc.gov
JAMA
|December 26, 2001
まとめ
学校に関連した暴力的な死亡は,まれですが,パターンを示しています. 多重被害者の事件に対する殺人率は増加し,いじめや自殺行為などのリスク要因が犯罪者において特定されました.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- クリミノロジー 犯罪学
- 教育における安全性について
背景:
- 1990年代後半の学校での銃撃事件に対する公衆の懸念は,学校に関連した暴力的な死亡に関するデータの欠如を強調した.
- これらのイベントの発生率と特徴を理解することは,効果的な予防戦略の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 米国の学校で発生する暴力的な死亡の最近の傾向と特徴を分析する.
- 学校に関連する暴力事件における犯罪と被害と関連した潜在的なリスク要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 1994年から1999年にかけてのメディア,政府機関,法執行機関からのデータを分析した人口ベースの監視研究です.
- 事件には,殺人,自殺,法的な介入,および,学校の敷地内,通勤中に,または学校のイベントで意図しない銃による死亡が含まれています.
- リスク,傾向,共通点,リスク因子の全国的な見積もりを計算した.
主要な成果:
- 1994年から1999年の間に220件の事件が253人の死亡をもたらし,172件が殺人事件でした.
- 単一被害者の学生殺人事件の割合は減少したが,複数被害者の事件殺人事件の割合は増加した.
- イベントは,学校の開始/終了時間や昼食の近くに頻繁に発生し,事前のリスク指標は,事件の半分以上で報告されました.
- 殺人事件の犯人は,自殺傾向を示したり,いじめを受けた可能性が高くなった.
結論:
- 学校に関連した暴力的な死亡は,まれですが,認識可能なパターンと危険因子があります.
- このデータは,学校の安全プロトコルと,暴力の軽減のための介入を参考にすることができます.
- 潜在的な犯罪者の間で,いじめや自殺思考などの危険因子を特定することは,予防の鍵です.
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