小児の定期ワクチン接種を通じてA型肝炎を抑制する
F Averhoff1, C N Shapiro, B P Bell
1National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
JAMA
|December 26, 2001
まとめ
ルーティンな小児A型肝炎ワクチン接種は,カリフォルニア州のコミュニティで,疾患の発生率を大幅に減少させた. ワクチンは高い有効性を示し,流行病を制御し,子供と成人の両方で症例を減少させました.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- ワクチン学 ワクチン学
背景:
- 高い罹病率を有する地域社会における小児A型肝炎の定期的なワクチン接種の影響は,以前は評価されていなかった.
- 繰り返し発生するA型肝炎の流行は,公衆衛生上の大きな課題となっています.
研究 の 目的:
- 繰り返し発生する疫病を体験しているコミュニティ内の疾患発生率を低減するために,小児に対する定期的なA型肝炎ワクチン接種の有効性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 1995年から2000年までカリフォルニア州バット郡でコミュニティベースの実証プロジェクトが実施されました.
- A型肝炎ワクチンは,学校クリニック,医療機関,公衆衛生クリニックを通じて,2歳から17歳の子供たちに提供されました.
- 重要な結果指標には,ワクチン接種率,A型肝炎の発生率,ワクチン有効性が含まれていました.
主要な成果:
- 対象児の66%以上が少なくとも1回のワクチン接種を受け,約40%が2回の接種を受けた.
- 郡の人口におけるA型肝炎の症例は,研究期間中に93.5%減少した.
- ワクチンの有効性は98%と推定され,ワクチン接種後に発生したワクチン接種症例は1件のみであった.
結論:
- 子どもに対するA型肝炎ワクチン接種は,受給者の病気を予防するのに非常に効果的であることが示されました.
- 小児の予防接種は,子供と成人の両方において,A型肝炎の発生率を成功裏に減少させました.
- ルーティンワクチン接種は,再発性流行に弱いコミュニティで,A型肝炎を制御しました.
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