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関連する概念動画

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

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An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
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Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field01:22

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

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A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...
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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
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弾道的量子スイッチとしてのメソスコプ的超伝導体

A S Mel'nikov1, V M Vinokur

  • 1Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, GSP-105, Russia.

Nature
|January 10, 2002
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は,メソスコプ的超伝導体における渦構造を調査した. 彼らは,磁気流量量子とその構成を制御することで,量子輸送を調節することができ,新しい渦ベースの量子スイッチを可能にすることがわかった.

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科学分野:

  • 凝縮物質物理学 凝縮物質物理学
  • 量子力学は,量子力学という
  • 材料科学 材料科学とは

背景:

  • メソスコプ的超伝導体は,ポリゴン状の渦分子や巨大な渦を含む複雑な渦構造を示し,わずかな磁気流量量子が閉じ込められています.
  • ジンツブルク・ランドー理論は,巨大な渦の状態と分子のような構成の間の相移行を確認しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 特定の渦の構成を持つメソスコプ的超伝導体システムの電子構造を理論的に調査する.
  • これらの渦構造と閉じ込められた磁気流によって影響される相相連輸送特性を分析する.

主な方法:

  • 渦中核内の準粒子刺激の理論的研究.
  • ヴォルテックス状態の移行に関するギンツブルク=ランドー計算の分析.
  • マルチヴォルテックスの透明性と量子チャネルに基づくサンプル伝導性のモデリング.

主要な成果:

  • 準粒子刺激は渦の中で一貫した量子力学的状態を形成する.
  • サンプルの伝導性は,量子チャネルとして作用するマルチヴォルテックス構成の透明性によって決定されます.
  • 渦の中核とサンプルの端にある複数のアンドリーフ反射が伝送係数を制御する.

結論:

  • メソスコプ的超伝導体における相相一貫性輸送は,磁気流量量子と渦の構成を操作することによって制御することができます.
  • 干渉現象は,磁場を適用した段階的な伝導性行動につながります.
  • 観測された効果は,磁場をゲート電圧として使用した渦型量子スイッチを開発するために利用できます.