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Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

147.9K
After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
147.9K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

11.7K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
11.7K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

11.9K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
11.9K
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

13.8K
The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
13.8K
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

2.3K
The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
2.3K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

6.8K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
6.8K

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Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo
12:06

Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo

Published on: November 6, 2013

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スーパーオキシドは,ミトコンドリアの解離タンパク質を活性化させます.

Karim S Echtay1, Damien Roussel, Julie St-Pierre

  • 1Medical Research Council Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK.

Nature
|January 10, 2002
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

スーパーオキシドは,解離タンパク質 (UCP) を通してミトコンドリアの陽子漏れを促進し,潜在的に有害な反応性酸素種を減少させます. この相互作用は脂肪酸に依存し,ヌクレオチドが抑制され,ミトコンドリア内の保護機構を提供する.

さらに関連する動画

Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
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Author Spotlight: Fluorescence-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Superoxide Levels Using Live Imaging in HeLa Cells
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関連する実験動画

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Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo
12:06

Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo

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Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
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Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases

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Author Spotlight: Fluorescence-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Superoxide Levels Using Live Imaging in HeLa Cells
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科学分野:

  • ミトコンドリア生理学 ミトコンドリア生理学
  • 細胞呼吸は細胞呼吸というものです.
  • 反応性酸素種の代謝 反応性酸素種の代謝

背景:

  • 解離タンパク質1 (UCP1) は,陽子漏れによって茶色脂肪組織における熱生成を調節する.
  • 他の組織におけるUCP同種 (UCP2,UCP3) の役割はあまり理解されていない.
  • 軽度のミトコンドリア解離は,反応性酸素種 (ROS) 産生と酸化的ダメージを減らす可能性があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • UCPsによって媒介されるミトコンドリアの陽子伝導性に超酸化物の影響を調査する.
  • 超酸化物,UCP,およびROSの規制の間の機能的関係を探求する.

主な方法:

  • 様々なUCP発現系におけるミトコンドリアの陽子伝導率に対する超酸化物の影響を評価した.
  • 脂肪酸への依存とピューリン核酸による抑制を研究した.
  • UCP3のノックアウトマウスとUCP1.1を発現する酵母からのミトコンドリアを活用した.

主要な成果:

  • スーパーオキシドは,UCP1,UCP2,UCP3.3を通じてミトコンドリアの陽子伝導性を増加させます.
  • この超酸化物によって引き起こされる解離は,脂肪酸に依存し,ピューリン核酸によって抑制されます.
  • この効果はUCP組織発現と相関しており,異種システム (酵母) と特定のノックアウトモデル (UCP3KOマウス) で観察されています.

結論:

  • スーパーオキシドはUCPと直接相互作用して,ミトコンドリアの陽子伝導性を調節する.
  • この相互作用は,ミトコンドリア内ROS濃度を低下させる生理学的メカニズムとして機能する可能性があります.
  • 発見は,熱生成を超えたROSホメオスタシスにおけるUCPの新たな役割を示唆しています.