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関連する概念動画

tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles01:24

Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles

Every cell in the body maintains a membrane potential due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges across its plasma membrane. The membrane potential is measured in millivolts and quantifies the difference in charge across the membrane.
Like neurons, muscle cells are also regarded as excitable due to their capacity to change in response to stimuli, primarily due to voltage-gated ion channels embedded in their plasma membranes, which get activated by alterations in the cell's...
Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...

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Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
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parietal cortexにおける行動に関連した刺激のダイナミックなコーディング

Louis J Toth1, John A Assad

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ljtoth@alum.mit.edu

Nature
|January 24, 2002
PubMed
まとめ

lateral intraparietal area (LIP) のニューロンは,行動に基づいて選択性を変化させることができます. 色が目の動きを誘導すると,LIPニューロンは色をエンコードしますが,位置が関係している場合はそうではありません.

科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 認知神経科学とは
  • センサー・モーター・インテグレーション

背景:

  • 脳皮質は,感覚刺激と行動の間の柔軟な関連付けを容易にする.
  • parietal,prefrontal,およびmotor領域のニューロンは,特定の動きに感覚のシグナルをリンクします.
  • ラテラル・イントラペリエタル・エリア (LIP) のニューロンは,色のような非空間的属性ではなく,視覚刺激の位置とサッカード方向をコードする.

研究 の 目的:

  • LIPニューロンが,目の動きと行動的に結びついているときに,色をコードするかどうかを調査する.
  • タスクの要求に基づいてLIPにおけるニューラル選択性の柔軟性を決定する.

主な方法:

  • 猿は,視覚的な暗示の色または位置に基づいてサッカディックな眼球の動きを実行するように訓練されました.
  • LIPのニューラル活動は,これらのタスク中に記録されました.
  • キューの色と位置に対するLIPニューロンの選択性は,異なる行動条件下で分析されました.

主要な成果:

  • LIPニューロンの有意な割合は,色が目の動きを指示する上で重要なときに,色選択性を示した.
  • キューの位置が関連する特徴であったとき,LIPニューロンの色選択性はほとんど存在しなかった.

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Studying the Coding Profiles of Somatic Stimulation on Cardiac-locked Neuronal Responses in the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn
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Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
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Studying the Coding Profiles of Somatic Stimulation on Cardiac-locked Neuronal Responses in the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn
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Studying the Coding Profiles of Somatic Stimulation on Cardiac-locked Neuronal Responses in the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn

Published on: May 23, 2025

Decoding Natural Behavior from Neuroethological Embedding
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  • これは,LIPニューロンが行動的関連性に基づいて,ダイナミックに新しい選択性を獲得できることを示している.

    • 結論:

    • 皮質ニューロンの選択性は固定されず,行動的な文脈によって動的に変化することがあります.
    • LIPは,感覚情報と行動を結びつける役割を果たし,その表現能力は,タスクの要件に適応します.
    • これらの発見は,より高い皮質領域のニューラル表現の可塑性を強調しています.