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海洋有酸素無酸素光栄養生物の間で予期せぬ多様性

Oded Béjà¹, Marcelino T Suzuki, John F Heidelberg

¹Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California 95039-0628, USA.

|February 8, 2002

まとめ

海洋バクテリアは光合成のためにバクテリオクロロフィールa (Bchla) を利用し,酸素を必要とします. ゲノム解析により,プランクトン群の中で,これまで観察されなかったベータプロテオバクテリアを含む,多様な,光合成活性細菌群が発見されました.

科学分野:

微生物学微生物学とは
マリン・バイオロジーマリン・バイオロジー
ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは

背景:

エアロビック,無酸素,光栄養細菌はバクテリオクロロフィールa (Bchla) を利用し,成長とBchla合成のために酸素を必要とします.
これらのバクテリアは海洋プランクトンに多く存在し,光合成電子輸送と微生物コミュニティに大きく貢献しています.
以前,既知のプランクトン無酸素光栄養菌は,プロテオバクテリアアルファ亜種内の特定のグループに限定されていました.

研究の目的:

自然に発生する海洋細菌における光合成遺伝子のゲノム内容と組織を調査する.
海洋環境における新しい光合成細菌を特定する.
プランクトン細菌の集合体における無酸素光栄養体の多様性を理解する.

主な方法:

光合成遺伝子の含有量とオペロン組織のゲノム解析.
自然に存在する海洋細菌の分析.
バクテリアプランクトン集団における遺伝子発現の評価.

主要な成果:

海洋環境でこれまで観察されていなかったベータサブクラスのプロテオバクテリアに似ている光合成遺伝子群の発見.
これらの光合成遺伝子が海洋プランクトンで広く分布している.
これらの遺伝子が神経性細菌プランクトンで活発に発現し,光合成能力を示す.
複数の,遠縁の,光合成活性の細菌群を特定し,以前の統一性仮定に異議を唱えた.

結論:

海洋プランクトンのバクテリア群は,これまで考えられていたよりも多様で,複数の遠縁の光合成グループで構成されています.
この発見は,新しいベータ-プロテオバクテリアを含む,海洋無酸素光栄養生物の既知の多様性を拡大しています.
この新たに発見された光栄養生物は,光合成活動があり,海洋生態系に寄与しています.

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