"ホット"なチリペッパーに対する種固有の感受性の分子基礎

Sven-Eric Jordt¹, David Julius

¹Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.

Cell

|February 21, 2002

まとめ

鳥はチリペッパーに無関心です.

科学分野:

分子生物学は分子生物学である.
神経科学は神経科学である.
エコロジーエコロジーエコロジー

背景:

チリペッパーは,哺乳類を威嚇する辛口な化合物であるカプサイシンを産生しますが,鳥類は威嚇しません.
鳥は,カプサイシンに無関心であるため,種子分散ベクトルとして作用します.
この種固有の反応の分子的根拠は完全に理解されていません.

研究の目的:

哺乳類と鳥類の間でカプサイシンに対する異なる行動反応の分子基礎を決定する.
カプサイシン感受性に対して責任を負う特定の受容体領域を特定する.

主な方法:

ネズミのバニロイド受容体内の特定のドメインを特定しました.
このドメインをチキンバニロイド受容体 ortholog.に転送した.
カプサイシン,熱,陽子に対する改変された鶏受容体の機能的反応を評価した.

主要な成果:

ネズミのバニロイド受容体の特定のドメインは,鶏のオーソログにカプサイシン感受性を与えました.
改変された鶏の受容体は,哺乳類の同位体と同様に,熱と陽子によって活性化されました.
これは,鳥と哺乳類が有害な熱に対する感受性と熱に対する過敏性を共有していることを示しています.

結論:

誘導的抑止という生態学的現象に対する分子的な説明を提供する.
カプサイシンのような炎症性物質を検出する能力は,哺乳類のヴァニロイド受容体における最近の進化的獲得であることを示唆している.
特定の受容体ドメインが,種特有の感覚知覚と生態学的相互作用を形作る役割を強調しています.

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