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ランダム化試験における割り当て配列の生成:偶然,選択ではない
Kenneth F Schulz1, David A Grimes
1Family Health International, PO Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. KSchulz@fhi.org
Lancet (London, England)
|February 21, 2002
まとめ
公平な臨床試験には,適切なランダム化が不可欠である. 単純なランダム化はバイアスを防止するための最も効果的な方法であり,研究者は,潜在的なグループサイズ格差にもかかわらず,その使用を優先すべきである.
科学分野:
- 臨床研究方法論 臨床研究方法論
- バイオ統計学 バイオ統計学
背景:
- ランダム化対照試験 (RCT) は,臨床研究の黄金基準です.
- ランダム化,RCTの重要な構成要素は,しばしばよく理解されていません.
- 不適切なランダム化は,選択と混乱のバイアスを導入し,研究の完全性を損なう.
研究 の 目的:
- 臨床試験における適切なランダム化が極めて重要であることを強調する.
- 偏見の防止のための好ましい方法として単純なランダム化の使用を提唱する.
- 試験設計における代替的ランダム化技術とその影響について議論する.
主な方法:
- 最も基本的で効果的なバイアス防止方法として,単純な (制限のない) ランダム化について議論します.
- サンプルサイズの不均衡を管理するためのブロックされたおよびウランのランダム化のような制限されたランダム化手順を検討します.
- 層内の配分配列のバランスをとる上で,階層化されたランダム化が果たす役割を強調する.
主要な成果:
- 単純なランダム化は,基本的なものであるが,バイアスを防止する複雑な方法よりも優れている.
- ブロックされたランダム化のような制限された方法は,サンプルサイズ不均衡を軽減するのに役立ちます.
- 効果的なランダム化には,方法に関係なく,注意深い計画と実行が必要です.
結論:
- 研究者はバイアスを防ぐために,非ランダムな配分方法を避ける必要があります.
- 単純なランダム化により頻繁に使用し,潜在的なグループサイズ変動を受け入れなければなりません.
- ランダム化方法の明確な報告は,科学的正確性と信頼性を高めます.
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