結核対策に関するWHOの政策の進化,1948年-2001年
1Tuberculosis Strategy and Operations, StopTB, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. raviglionem@who.it
Lancet (London, England)
|March 13, 2002
まとめ
世界保健機関 (WHO)
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- グローバル・ヘルス・ポリシー
- 感染症管理 感染症管理
背景:
- 1948年から2001年までの世界保健機関 (WHO) の結核対策政策の歴史的分析.
- 初期の垂直制御戦略は,資源が乏しい環境では効果がなく,一般保健サービスの統合が必要となった.
- 直接観察された短期治療 (DOTS) 戦略は,公衆衛生上の優先事項として,1989年から1998年に生まれました.
研究 の 目的:
- WHOの結核対策政策の進化を分析する.
- 結核対策の拡大を加速するための新たな枠組みを提案する.
- 将来の効果的な結核管理のための重要な要素を特定する.
主な方法:
- 結核管理のためのWHOの管理政策の歴史的レビュー.
- 政策の分析は,垂直的なアプローチから統合された多部門戦略へと移行している.
- DOTS戦略の拡大と有効性の評価.
主要な成果:
- 垂直結核の制御は先進国では成功したが,資源の限られた地域では失敗した.
- DOTS戦略の採用は増加したが,完全なアクセスは依然として限られていた (1999年のケースの23%).
- コミュニティと民間実務者を巻き込む多部門的アプローチは,極めて重要であることが明らかになっています.
結論:
- 将来の結核対策には,多部門間の協力と組み合わせた実用的で統合された管理システムが必要です.
- HIV関連および多剤耐性結核の治療は優先事項です.
- 結核対策の拡大を成功させるには,グローバル・ナショナル・パートナーシップが不可欠です.
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