雷雲の上部から下層のイオノスフィアへの放電
Victor P Pasko1, Mark A Stanley, John D Mathews
1CSSL Laboratory, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. vpasko@psu.edu
Nature
|March 15, 2002
まとめ
研究者らは,珍しい青いジェット,雷の一種を記録し,大気圏の異常な高さまで広がった. この現象は,地球全体の電気回路の重要な,以前見過ごされていた部分かもしれません.
科学分野:
- 大気物理学 大気物理学
- 電磁気学は,電磁気学である.
- 光学現象とは,光学現象である.
背景:
- 雷雲の上の異常な光の現象は,1世紀以上前から報告されています.
- 2つの主要なタイプの上層大気圏の雷,スプライトと青いジェットが特定されています.
- 以前の研究では,雷雲とイオン圏の間の直接的な電気接触に関する決定的な実験データがなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- 雷雲と上層大気圏間の電気放電の実験的証拠を提供すること.
- ユニークなブルージェットイベントの特徴を分析するために.
主な方法:
- プエルトリコのアレシボ天文台でのブルージェットイベントのビデオ録画.
- フラッシュの伝播経路と高度を分析する.
- 小規模な雷雨細胞の上の現象の観測.
主要な成果:
- 青いジェットが雷雲から約70kmの高さまで広がったことが記録された.
- 42km上空では,青いジェット機は,通常スプライトに見られる特徴を示した.
- イベントは,比較的小さな雷雨の上で発生しました.
結論:
- 観測された現象は,雷雲と下層イオノスフィアの間の潜在的な直接の電気経路を示唆しています.
- このイベントは,グローバル電気回路の計上されていないコンポーネントを表す可能性があります.
- このようなイベントの発生率と影響を理解するために,さらなる研究が必要である.
関連する概念動画
01:30The Electrical Double Layer
112
In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
112
01:16Equipotential Surfaces and Conductors
4.6K
For a conductor in which all charges are at rest, the conductor's surface is equipotential. The electric field is always perpendicular to equipotential surfaces. Therefore, in a conductor with static charges, the electric field just outside the conductor is always perpendicular to the conductor's surface. Any tangential component of the electric field will cause charges to move inside the conductor, which will violate the electrostatic nature of the system. In an electrostatic...
4.6K
01:11Electric Charges
24.5K
From lightning during thunderstorms to electronic devices, the phenomenon of electromagnetism is all around us. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It has been known to humanity in various forms for thousands of years. For example, the ancient Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus recorded his experiments on static electricity using amber and fur in the sixth century BC.
The English physicist William Gilbert studied the phenomenon of static electricity in...
The English physicist William Gilbert studied the phenomenon of static electricity in...
24.5K
01:23Electric Field of a Charged Disk
3.5K
The simplest case of a surface charge distribution is the uniformly charged disk. Calculating its electric field also helps us calculate the electric field of a large plane of charge.
The system's symmetry is in the cylindrical directions across the plane of the charge. As a result, the electric fields created by various surface charge elements nullify each other in the direction parallel to the surface. Thereby, the resulting electric field is perpendicular to the plane. Since the disk is...
The system's symmetry is in the cylindrical directions across the plane of the charge. As a result, the electric fields created by various surface charge elements nullify each other in the direction parallel to the surface. Thereby, the resulting electric field is perpendicular to the plane. Since the disk is...
3.5K
01:19Drift Velocity
5.9K
The high speed of electrical signals results from the fact that the force between charges acts rapidly at a distance. Thus, when a free charge is forced into a wire, the incoming charge pushes other charges ahead due to the repulsive force between like charges. These moving charges move the charges farther down the line. The density of charge in a system cannot easily be increased, so the signal is passed on rapidly. The resulting electrical shock wave moves through the system at nearly the...
5.9K
01:15Van de Graaff Generator
2.7K
Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
Van de Graaff uses both smooth and pointed surfaces, conductors, and insulators to generate large static charges and, hence, large voltages. A substantial excess charge can be deposited on the sphere because it moves...
Van de Graaff uses both smooth and pointed surfaces, conductors, and insulators to generate large static charges and, hence, large voltages. A substantial excess charge can be deposited on the sphere because it moves...
2.7K