世界の貧困層の健康を改善する
Prabhat Jha1, Anne Mills, Kara Hanson
1World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva 01220, Switzerland. jhap@who.int
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 16, 2002
まとめ
グローバルな保健プログラムによって,貧困層の死亡率を大幅に減らすことができます. 効果的な介入と機能的な医療制度が鍵であり,年間40~520億ドルの費用がかかると推定されています.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 健康経済学とは
- 公共衛生の介入 公共衛生の介入
背景:
- 貧困層の何百万人もの死因は,予防可能ないくつかの病気に起因する.
- 既存の効果的な介入は,低所得国における過剰死亡率の主な原因をターゲットとしています.
研究 の 目的:
- 貧困層の疾病負担を軽減することを目的とした世界的なプログラムの実現可能性とコストを分析する.
- 効果的な医療介入の高度なカバーを達成するための要件を特定する.
主な方法:
- 病気の負担と効果的な介入に関する既存のデータの分析.
- 低所得国およびサハラ以南のアフリカ諸国におけるプログラム実施のための付加コストの推定.
- 保健システム要件と潜在的な制約の評価.
主要な成果:
- 貧困層の死亡の大半の原因となる病気に対して,効果的な介入が可能である.
- 適切に機能する保健システムは,高い介入範囲を確保するために極めて重要です.
- 83カ国の年間増加コストは2015年までに400億ドルから520億ドルと推定されています.
結論:
- 貧困層の病気を減らすための主要な世界的なプログラムは,技術的に実現可能である.
- このようなプログラムは,毎年何百万人もの幼児,妊産婦,成人の死亡を防ぐことができます.
- 財政的および非財政的制約に対処することは,プログラムの成功にとって不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
00:57Population Growth
Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.However, realistic environmental conditions limit the number of...
01:28International Nursing Organizations II
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
01:30Primary Healthcare Services
Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
01:21Health Literacy
Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative programs,...
01:28Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...