Jove
Visualize
お問い合わせ
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
JoVEについて
概要リーダーシップブログJoVEヘルプセンター
著者向け
出版プロセス編集委員会範囲と方針査読よくある質問投稿
図書館員向け
推薦の声購読アクセスリソース図書館諮問委員会よくある質問
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experimentsアーカイブ
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教員リソースセンター教員サイト
利用規約
プライバシーポリシー
ポリシー

関連する概念動画

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.Polar molecules have a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end of the molecule,...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...

こちらも読む

関連記事

共著者、ジャーナル、引用グラフによってこの研究に関連する記事。

並び替え
Same author

Mechanophore cross-linking enhances ballistic energy dissipation of polymers.

Nature·2026
Same author

Fracture of polymer-like networks with hybrid bond strengths.

Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids·2026
Same author

Optimizing the Stability of Viral Nanoparticles: Engineering Strategies, Applications, and the Emerging Concept of the Virophore.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Switching and Quantifying the Single-Molecule Mechanochemical Reactivity of Four-Membered Carbocycle Mechanophores within a Single, Photoswitchable Polymer Strand.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Tetrafunctional cyclobutanes tune toughness via network strand continuity.

Nature chemistry·2025
Same author

Toughening 3D printed elastomers using mechanophore crosslinkers.

Soft matter·2025

関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

イオン反応におけるステリック効果と溶媒効果

Colleen K Regan1, Stephen L Craig, John I Brauman

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 23, 2002
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

SN2反応におけるステリック効果は,溶液よりもガス相では小さい. この違いは,モンテカルロシミュレーションが溶液中のSN2反応障壁に寄与することを確認した溶解効果によるものです.

さらに関連する動画

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance
11:47

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

Published on: July 4, 2017

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance
11:47

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

Published on: July 4, 2017

科学分野:

  • 物理化学 物理化学
  • 有機化学 オーガニック・ケミストリー
  • コンピューティング・ケミストリー

背景:

  • SN2反応は有機化学の基礎であり,ステレオ化学の逆転による核性置換を含む.
  • ステリック効果と溶解効果を理解することは,反応結果と速度を予測するために重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • SN2反応速度に対するステリック阻害の影響を調査する.
  • ガス相におけるステリック効果と溶液の効果を比較する.
  • SN2反応障壁の調節における溶解の役割を解明する.

主な方法:

  • 同位体交換反応を監視するためにフーリエ変換イオンサイクロトロン共振スペクトロメトリーを使用した.
  • メチルとテルブチルで置換されたクロロアセトニトリルによる塩化物イオンの反応速度を測定した.
  • 統計的 perturbation 理論によるモンテカルロシミュレーションを用いて,溶解効果をモデル化しました.

主要な成果:

  • ガス相でのステリック効果は,溶液相での観測と比較して減少していることが判明しました.
  • 溶液中の反応障壁の増大は,溶解効果に起因する.
  • シミュレーションにより,溶解に対するステリック阻害がSN2バリアに寄与することを確認しました.

結論:

  • 溶解は,特にステリック阻害に関して,SN2反応の障壁を増やすのに重要な役割を果たします.
  • 溶液で観察された明らかなステリック効果は,溶解によって増幅され,固有のガス相ステリック効果と異なる.