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関連する概念動画

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes
09:44

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

Published on: March 3, 2015

mRNAの監視メカニズムで,終末コドンが欠けているトランスクリプトを排除する.

Pamela A Frischmeyer1, Ambro van Hoof, Kathryn O'Donnell

  • 1Institute for Genetic Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 23, 2002
PubMed
まとめ

ストップコドンが欠けているメッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) は,ナンセンス媒介mRNA衰退 (NMD) と異なる翻訳依存経路によって急速に劣化します. このノンストップのmRNA分解メカニズムは哺乳類に保存され,遺伝子発現を調節します.

さらに関連する動画

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

Removal of an Internal Translational Start Site from mRNA While Retaining Expression of the Full-Length Protein
05:48

Removal of an Internal Translational Start Site from mRNA While Retaining Expression of the Full-Length Protein

Published on: March 16, 2022

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes
09:44

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

Published on: March 3, 2015

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

Removal of an Internal Translational Start Site from mRNA While Retaining Expression of the Full-Length Protein
05:48

Removal of an Internal Translational Start Site from mRNA While Retaining Expression of the Full-Length Protein

Published on: March 16, 2022

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 遺伝子発現の規制について
  • RNAの代謝について

背景:

  • 翻訳の品質管理は,細胞の健康にとって極めて重要です.
  • 無意味な媒介によるmRNA分解 (NMD) は,早期終結コドン (PTCs) でトランスクリプトを劣化させる.
  • ターミネーションコドンがないmRNAの運命は,以前は不明でした.

研究 の 目的:

  • ノンストップmRNAの分解メカニズムを調査する.
  • ノンストップmRNA分解が,既知のmRNA分解経路と関連しているかどうかを判断する.
  • 非停止的なmRNA崩壊の生理学的源を特定し,保存するために.

主な方法:

  • 酵母をモデル生物として利用した.
  • 遺伝的および生化学的アプローチを通じてmRNAの分解経路を調査した.
  • 哺乳類の細胞におけるノンストップmRNA分解を調査した.

主要な成果:

  • 終末コドン (ノンストップmRNA) が欠けているmRNAは,酵母菌で急速に分解される.
  • ノンストップmRNA衰退には翻訳が必要ですが,NMDやその他の主要な衰退経路とは機械的に異なります.
  • ノンストップトランスクリプトは,複数の生理学的源から生成され,その加速分解は哺乳類の細胞に保存されます.

結論:

  • ノンストップ衰退と呼ばれる新しい翻訳依存mRNA衰退経路は,終止信号が欠けているmRNAを標的とする.
  • 非停止分解は,リボソームがmRNAの3'端に到達すると開始されます.
  • この経路は,適切に翻訳を終了できないmRNAの発現を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.