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関連する概念動画

Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

Nuclear Binding Energy

The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons are bound together;...
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large number of different...
Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...

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Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves
09:35

Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves

Published on: April 10, 2015

自発的な核融合によって効力を変化させる.

Qi-Long Ying1, Jennifer Nichols, Edward P Evans

  • 1Centre for Genome Research, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ, UK.

Nature
|April 5, 2002
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

哺乳類の幹細胞は,本質的に組織タイプを変更しないかもしれません. 代わりに,中枢神経系原始細胞と胚性幹細胞の融合により,多能の可能性のあるハイブリッド細胞が生成されます.

さらに関連する動画

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton
05:47

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton

Published on: July 29, 2018

Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology
06:54

Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology

Published on: July 5, 2022

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves
09:35

Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves

Published on: April 10, 2015

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton
05:47

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton

Published on: July 29, 2018

Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology
06:54

Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology

Published on: July 5, 2022

科学分野:

  • 幹細胞生物学 幹細胞生物学とは
  • 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
  • 細胞を再プログラムする.

背景:

  • 最近の報告によると,哺乳類の幹細胞は,他の組織の細胞タイプに微分化することができると示唆されています.
  • 組織幹細胞の固有の可塑性は,広く議論されている現象です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 中枢神経系の原始細胞が非神経派生体を生成できるメカニズムを定義する.
  • 幹細胞の可塑性におけるエピジェネティック再プログラムと細胞融合の可能性を調査する.

主な方法:

  • マウスの脳原始細胞と多能胚性幹細胞を共培養する.
  • 脳細胞の選択のためにトランスジェニックマーカーを使用する.
  • 回復した細胞のゲノムとフェノタイプ特性を分析する.

主要な成果:

  • 脳細胞と胚性幹細胞の両方の遺伝物質を運ぶ分化されていない幹細胞が回収されました.
  • 脳細胞のゲノムの表遺伝的再プログラミングが起こりました.
  • 回復した細胞は,完全な多能性特性を有するテトラプロイドハイブリッド細胞として識別されました.
  • これらのハイブリッド細胞はキメラの複数の系統に寄与した.

結論:

  • 観察された可塑性は,直接的な変換によるものではなく,融合によるハイブリッド細胞の自発的な生成によるものです.
  • 細胞融合から生じるトランス決定は,固有の幹細胞の可塑性に起因する多くの観察を説明する可能性がある.
  • この発見は,幹細胞の行動と分化の可能性の理解を再定義します.